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LMPD Database

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LMP012520

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain)
Protein Entry	PTGDS_RAT
UniProt ID	P22057
Species	Rat

Comments

Comment type	Description
Catalytic Activity	(5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha-epidioxy-15- hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy- 11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
Developmental Stage	In the brain it is localized in many neurons at 1-2 weeks after birth, whereas in mature animals it is localized to tissues of the blood-brain barrier
Domain	Forms a beta-barrel structure that accommodates hydrophobic ligands in its interior
Function	Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10387044, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10650953, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11058225, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9188476}.
Induction	By IL-1 beta and thyroid hormone. Probably induced by dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, retinoic acid and retinal. Repressed by the Notch-Hes signaling pathway. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10650953, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12488457, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9582446, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9746734}.
Mass Spectrometry	Mass=18808; Method=MALDI; Range=25-189; Evidence= ;
Similarity	Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family
Subcellular Location	Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus membrane. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Secreted. Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum of arachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmic structures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and to circular cytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells. In oligodendrocytes, localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, localized to distinct cytoplasmic domains including the perinuclear region. Also secreted.
Subunit	Monomer
Tissue Specificity	Abundant in the brain and CNS, where it is expressed in tissues of the blood-brain barrier and secreted into the cerebro-spinal fluid. In the eye, it is expressed in the pigmented epithelium of the retina and the nonpigmented epithelium of the iris and ciliary body, and accumulates within the interphotoreceptor matrix, photoreceptors, and aqueous and vitreous humors. In the male reproductive system, it is expressed in the testis and epididymis, and is secreted into the seminal fluid. It has also been detected in the cochlea. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10650953, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11058225, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11565799, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:2642896, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8415655, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8599604, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8815894, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9430563, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9746734}.