Highlights from the Lipid Analysis Literature - 1991

The following references were collected as part of a weekly literature search that reflects my (former) personal research interests. However, most mainstream lipid analytical topics are covered. Among the exceptions are "steroidal hormones", "prostanoids", "fat-soluble vitamins" and "terpenoids", although some papers in these categories may be posted. My intention is to list only those papers that exhibit novel analytical methodology as opposed to tried and tested methods, although this may appear to introduce a bias towards modern mass spectrometry techniques. References are listed alphabetically by the first author.

Abian,J. and Gelpi,E. Characteristic fragmentation of thromboxane-B2 in thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 153-168 (1991).
Abian,J., Pages,M. and Gelpi,E. Use of methyl oxime derivatives to enhance structural information in thermospray HPLC-MS analysis of linoleic acid lipoxygenase metabolites in maize embryos. J. Chromatogr. A, 554, 155-173 (1991).
Abidi,S.L. HPLC of phosphatidic acids and related polar lipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 587, 193-203 (1991).
Abidi,S.L., Mounts,T.L. and Rennick,K.A. Reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC of phosphatidylinositols. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 573-588 (1991).
Ackman,R.G. Application of TLC to lipid separation: detection methods. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 97-121 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Ackman,R.G. Application of GLC to lipid separation and analysis: qualitative and quantitative analysis. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 270-300 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Ackman,R.G. Application of TLC to lipid separation: neutral lipids. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 60-82 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Adelhardt,R., Link,W. and Spiteller,G. Products of dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids. 5. The aromatic fraction of dimeric acids. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 277-282 (1991).
Adkisson,H.D., Risener,F.S., Zarrinkar,P.P., Walla,M.D., Christie,W.W. and Wuthier,R.E. Unique fatty acid composition of normal cartilage: discovery of high levels of n-9 eicosatrienoic acid and low levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J., 5, 344-353 (1991).
Adlof,R.O. Fractionation of egg and soybean phosphatidylcholines by silver resin chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 538, 469-473 (1991).
Aiken,J.H. and Huie,C.W. Use of hematoporphyrin as a fluorescent stain for detection of lipids in HP TLC. J. Chromatogr. A, 588, 295-301 (1991).
Aitzetmuller,K. The use of HPLC in modern fat analysis. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 501-510 (1991).
Aloisi,J., Fried,B. and Sherma,J. Comparison of mobile phases for separation of phospholipids on preadsorbent TLC plates. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 3269-3275 (1991).
Apps,P.J. and Willemse,C. Fast high precision fingerprinting of fatty acids in milk. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 802-807 (1991).
Artiss,J.D. Amniotic fluid phospholipid analysis. Clin. Chem., 37, 1321-1322 (1991).
Artiss,J.D., Feldbruegge,D.H., Kroll,M.H., McQueen,M.J., Pry,T., Zak,B. and Ziegenhorn,J. Measurement of cholesterol concentration. In: 'Lipid and Lipoprotein Risk Factors', pp. 33-49 (edited by N. Rifai and G.R. Warnick, AACC Press) (1991).
Artz,W.E. Application of GLC to lipid separation and analysis: qualitative and quantitative analysis. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 301-318 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Augustyn,O.P.H., Ferreira,D. and Kock,J.L.F. Differentiation between yeast species, and strains within a species, by cellular fatty acid analysis. 4. Saccharomyces-sensu-stricto, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomycodes and Wickerhamiella. System. Appl. Microbiol., 14, 324-334 (1991).
Baer,A.N., Costello,P.B. and Brash,F.A. Stereospecificity of the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids produced by cultured bovine endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1085, 45-52 (1991).
Baer,A.N., Costello,P.B. and Green,F.A. Stereospecificity of the products of the fatty acid oxygenases derived from psoriatic scales. J. Lipid Res., 32, 341-347 (1991).
Balazy,M., Braquet,P. and Bazan,N.G. Determination of platelet-activating factor and alkyl-ether phospholipids by GC-MS via direct derivatization. Anal. Biochem., 196, 1-10 (1991).
Bauer,J.E. Single-spin density gradient systems and micropreparative ultracentrifugation. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 555-572 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Beckman,J.K., Morley,S.A. and Greene,H.L. Analysis of aldehydic peroxidation products by TLC/densitometry. Lipids, 26, 155-161 (1991).
Behrens,W.A. and Madere,R. Malonaldehyde determination in tissues and biological fluids by ion-pairing HPLC. Lipids, 26, 232-236 (1991).
Bell, M.V. and Dick,J.R. Molecular species composition of the major diacyl glycerophospholipids from muscle, liver, retina and brain of cod (Gadus morhua). Lipids, 26, 565-573 (1991).
Bergheim,S., Malterud,K.E. and Anthonsen,T. Preparative scale separation of neutral lipids and phospholipids by centrifugally accelerated TLC. J. Lipid Res., 32, 877-879 (1991).
Bernert,J.T., Akins,J.R., Cooper,G.R., Poulose,A.K., Myers,G.L. and Sampson,E.J. Factors influencing the accuracy of the national reference system total cholesterol reference method. Clin. Chem., 37, 2053-2061 (1991).
Bernstrom,K., Kayganich,K. and Murphy,R.C. Collisionally induced dissociation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-phospholipid molecular species. Anal. Biochem., 198, 203-211 (1991).
Berry,A.M., Moreau,R.A. and Jones,A.D. Bacteriohopanetetrol: abundant lipid in Frankia cells and in nitrogen-fixing nodule tissue. Plant Physiol., 95, 111-115 (1991).
Bilyk,A., Piazza,G.J., Bistline,R.G. and Haas,M.J. Separation of cholesterol, and fatty acylglycerols, acids and amides by TLC. Lipids, 26, 405-406 (1991).
Blank,M.L. and Snyder,F. Chromatographic analysis of phospholipase reaction products. Methods Enzymol., 197, 158-165 (1991).
Borghini,I., James,R.W., Blatter,M.-C. and Pometta,D. Distribution of apoprotein E between free and A-II complexed forms in very-low- and high-density lipoproteins: functional implications. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1083, 139-146 (1991).
Bouteillier,J.C. and Maurin,R. Relation between the triacylglycerol structure and their retention data in HPLC. Rev. Franc. Corps Gras, 38, 297-304 (1991).
Bruns,A. Applications of preparative HPLC in oleochemical research. J. Chromatogr. A, 536, 75-84 (1991).
Bruschweiler,H. and Dieffenbacher,A. Determination of mono- and diglycerides by capillary GC. Pure Appl. Chem., 63, 1153-62 (1991).
Bryant,D.K., Orlando,R.C., Fenselau,C., Sowder,R.C. and Henderson,L.E. Four sector tandem MS analysis of complex mixtures of phosphatidylcholines in a human immunodeficiency virus preparation. Anal. Chem., 63, 1110-1114 (1991).
Burgers,J.A. and Akkerman,J.W.N. Measurement of platelet-activating factor in biological specimens. J. Lipid Mediators, 3, 241-248 (1991).
Burkow,I.C. and Henderson,R.J. Isolation and quantification of polymers from oxidized fish oils by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with an evaporative mass detector. J. Chromatogr. A, 552, 501-506 (1991).
Burkow,I.C. and Henderson,R.J. Analysis of polymers from autoxidized marine oils by gel permeation HPLC using a light-scattering detector. Lipids, 26, 227-231 (1991).
Cahoon,E.B. and Lynch,D.V. Analysis of glucocerebrosides of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) leaf and plasma membrane. Plant Physiol., 95, 58-68 (1991).
Calvey,E.M., McDonald,R.E., Page,S.W., Mossoba,M.M. and Taylor,L.T. Evaluation of SFC/FT-IR for examination of hydrogenated soybean oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 542-548 (1991).
Capdevila,J.H., Dishman,E., Karara,A. and Falck,J.R. Cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid expoxygenase - stereochemical characterization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Methods Enzymol., 206, 441-453 (1991).
Carballeira,N.M. and Rodriguez,J. Two novel phospholipid fatty acids from the Caribbean sponge Geodia gibberosa. Lipids, 26, 324-326 (1991).
Cardillo,R., Fronza,G., Fuganti,C., Grasselli,P., Mele,A., Pizzi,D., Allegrone,G., Barbeni,M. and Pisciotta,A. Stereochemistry of the microbial generation of delta-decanolide, gamma-dodecanolide, and gamma-nonanolide from C18 13-hydroxy, C18 10-hydroxy, and C19-14-hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids. J. Org. Chem., 56, 5237-5239 (1991).
Caruso,U., Fowler,B., Erceg,M. and Romano,C. Determination of very-long-chain fatty acids in plasma by a simplified GC-MS procedure. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 147-152 (1991).
Casu,M., Anderson,G.J., Choi,G. and Gibbons,W.A. NMR lipid profiles of cells, tissues and body fluids. 1. 1D and 2D proton NMR of lipids. Mag. Res. Chem., 29, 594-602 (1991).
Cecconi,O., Ruggieri,S. and Mugnai,G. Use of N-acetylpsychosine as internal standard for quantitative HPLC analysis of glycosphingolipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 555, 267-271 (1991).
Chadwick,R.R. and Hsieh,J.C. Separation of cis and trans double-bond isomers using capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem., 63, 2380-2383 (1991).
Chai,W., Cashmore,G.C., Stoll,M.S., Gaskell,S.J., Orkiszewski,R.S. and Lawson,A.M. Oligosaccharide sequence determination using B/E linked field scanning or tandem MS of phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 313-323 (1991).
Chen,S., Pieraccini,G. and Moneti,G. Quantitative analysis of the molecular species of monosialogangliosides by continuous-flow fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 618-621 (1991).
Chilton,F.H. Assays for measuring arachidonic acid release from phospholipids. Methods Enzymol., 197, 166-182 (1991).
Chobanov,D., Amidzhin,B. and Nikolova-Damyanova,B. Densitometric determination of triglycerides separated by reversed phase TLC. Application to natural oils. Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse, 68, 357-362 (1991).
Christie,W.W. Recent developments in high-performance liquid and gas chromatography of lipids. Rev. Franc. Corps Gras, 38, 155-160 (1991).
Christie,W.W. Fractionation of the triacylglycerols of evening primrose oil by HPLC in the silver ion mode. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 65-66 (1991).
Christie,W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. and Bakare,O. MS characterization of picolinyl and methyl ester derivatives of isomeric thia fatty acids. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 629-635 (1991).
Christie,W.W., Nikolova-Damyanova,B., Laakso,P. and Herslof,B. Stereospecific analysis of triacyl-sn-glycerols via resolution of diastereomeric diacylglycerol derivatives by HPLC on silica. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 695-701 (1991).
Christman,B.W., Gay,J.C., Christman,J.W., Prakash,C. and Blair,I.A. Analysis of effector cell-derived lyso platelet activating factor by electron capture negative ion MS. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 545-552 (1991).
Clare,R.A., Huang,S., Doig,M.V. and Gibson,G.G. GC-MS characterization of some novel hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids formed on incubation of arachidonic acid with microsomes from induced rat livers. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 237-247 (1991).
Cocks,S. and Smith,R.M. Analysis for fatty acid methyl esters by using supercritical fluid chromatography with mass evaporative light scattering detection. Anal. Proc. (London), 28, 11-12 (1991).
Coene,J., Ghijs,M., Van den Eeckhout,E., Van den Bosche,W., and Sandra,P. Evaluation of different packings for HPLC analysis of alkyl lysophospholipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 553, 285-297 (1991).
Coene,J., Herdewijn,P., Vandeneeckhout,E., Vandenbossche,W. and Sandra,P. Capillary GC analysis of alkyl lysophospholipids after derivatization with trimethylsilylbromide. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 699-701 (1991).
Cohen,Z. and Cohen,S. Preparation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate from Porphyridium cruentum. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 16-19 (1991).
Cole,M.J. and Enke,C.G. FAB tandem MS employing ion-molecule reactions for the differentiation of phospholipid classes. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2, 470-475 (1991).
Cole,M.J. and Enke,C.G. Direct determination of phospholipid structure in microorganisms by fast atom bombardment triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 63, 1032-1038 (1991).
Contado,M.J. and Adams,J. Collision-induced dissociations and B/E linked scans for structural determination of modified fatty acid esters. Anal. Chim. Acta, 246, 187-197 (1991).
Contini,M., De Santis,D. and Anelli,G. Preparation of methyl esters for GC analysis of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Ital. J. Food Sci., 3, 273-280 (1991).
Cooper,G.R., Myers,G.L. and Henderson,L.O. Establishment of reference methods for lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 29, 269-275 (1991).
Coors,U. Utilization of the tocopherol pattern for recognition of fat and oil adulteration. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 519-526 (1991).
Couderc,F., Berjeaud,J.M. and Prome,J.C. The use of remote-site fragmentation for the characterization of 2,3 unsaturated fatty acids. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 92 (1991).
Crabtree,D.V. and Adler,A.J. Derivatization of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic fatty acid esters with pentafluorobenzoic anhydride and analysis with supercritical fluid chromatography CI-MS. J. Chromatogr. A, 543, 405-412 (1991).
Cramer,G.L., Miller,J.F., Pendleton,R.B. and Lands,W.E.M. Iodometric measurement of lipid hydroperoxides in human plasma. Anal. Biochem., 193, 204-211 (1991).
Dandurand,D.M., Kiechle,F.L., Strandbergh,D.R., Zak,B. and Artiss,J.D. Fluorometric determination of phosphatidylcholine as a measure of phospholipid methylation. Anal. Biochem., 196, 356-359 (1991).
DaTorre,S.D. and Creer,M.H. Differential turnover of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasmalogen and diacylglycerophospholipids of isolated cardiac myocytes. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1159-1172 (1991).
de la Vigne,U. and Janchen,D.E. Determination of phospholipids by gradient HPTLC using AMD. Int. Lab., (Nov./Dec.), 22-29 (1991).
De Schrijver,R. and Vermeulen,D. Separation and quantitation of phospholipids in animal tissues by Iatroscan TLC/FID. Lipids, 26, 74-76 (1991).
Dembitsky,V.M., Rezanka,T., Bychek,I.A. and Shustov,M.V. Identification of fatty acids from Cladonia lichens. Phytochemistry, 30, 4015-4018 (1991).
Demirbuker,M. and Blomberg,L.G. Separation of triacylglycerols by supercritical-fluid argentation chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 550, 765-769 (1991).
Dirven,H.A.A.M., de Bruijn,A.A.G.M., Sessink,P.J.M. and Jongeneelen,F.J. Determination of the cytochrome P-450 IV marker, omega-hydroxylauric acid, by HPLC and fluorimetric detection. J. Chromatogr. B, 564, 266-271 (1991).
Dorland,L., Ketting,D., Bruinvis,L. and Duran,M. Medium-chain and long-chain 3-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids - analysis by GC combined with MS. Biomed. Chromatogr., 5, 161-164 (1991).
Douglas,D.E. Higher aliphatic 2,4-diketones: a ubiquitous lipid class with chelating properties, in search of a physiological function. J. Lipid Res., 32, 553-558 (1991).
Duffin,K.L., Henion,J.D. and Shieh,J.J. Electrospray and tandem MS characterization of acylglycerol mixtures that are dissolved in non-polar solvents. Anal. Chem., 63, 1781-1788 (1991).
Dyas,L., Prescott,M.C., Evershed,R.P. and Goad,L.J. Steryl esters in a cell suspension culture of celery (Apium graveolens). Lipids, 26, 536-541 (1991).
Eckfeldt,J.H., Lewis,L.A., Belcher,J.D., Singh,J. and Frantz,I.D. Determination of serum cholesterol by isotope dilution MS with a benchtop capillary GC-MS - comparison with the national reference system's definitive and reference methods. Clin. Chem., 37, 1161-1165 (1991).
Ellin,A., Vandenberg,S. and Strandvik,B. A simplified analysis of fatty acids in serum phospholipids using Sep-Pak cartridges. Clin. Chim. Acta, 200, 59-61 (1991).
Engst,W., Petrzika,M. and Macholz,R. Study of the fatty acid composition of biomass lipids. Nahrung, 35, 695-700 (1991).
Evans,C., Traldi,P., Bambagiotti-Alberti,M., Giannellini,V., Coran,S.A. and Vincieri,F.F. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment MS and collision spectroscopy in the structural characterization of mono-, di- and triglycerides. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 351-356 (1991).
Evershed,R.P. and Goad,L.J. Chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods for the analysis of steryl esters. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem., 9, 447-486 (1991).
Fang,X., Sheikh,S.U. and Touchstone,J.C. HPLC of cholesteryl esters. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 589-598 (1991).
Fay,L. and Richli,U. Location of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatization. J. Chromatogr. A, 541, 89-98 (1991).
Fidelio,G.D., Ariga,T. and Maggio,B. Molecular parameters of gangliosides in monolayers: comparative evaluation of suitable purification procedures. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 110, 12-16 (1991).
Fillion,L., Zee,J.A. and Gossellin,C. Determination of a cholesterol oxide mixture by a single-run HPLC analysis using benzoylation. J. Chromatogr. A, 547, 105-112 (1991).
Fischer,W. One-step purification of bacterial lipid macroamphiphiles by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Anal. Biochem., 194, 353-358 (1991).
Fless,G.M. General preparative ultracentrifugation and considerations for lipoprotein isolation. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 512-523 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Foglia,T.A. and Maeda,K. HPLC separation of enantiomeric alkyl glycerol ethers. Lipids, 26, 769-773 (1991).
France,D.S., Weinstein,D.B., Quinby,R.E., Babiak,J., Lapen,D.C., Murdoch,M.K. and Paterniti,J.R. Clinical chemistry applications of robotic systems: cloning of a microplate management system and interface to a FPLC system for online compositional analysis of serum lipoproteins. Adv. Lab. Autom. Rob., 7, 645-682 (1991).
France,J.E., Snyder,J.M. and Wing,J.W. Packed microbore supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization detection of abused vegetable oils. J. Chromatogr. A, 540, 271-278 (1991).
Frank,H.G. and Graf,R. Determination of free unsaturated C20 fatty acids in rat placentae using HPTLC. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 134-137 (1991).
Frantovic,M., Todoric,A. and Petrovic,J. GC analysis of fatty acids and identification of tuberculostearic acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using GC-MS. Periodicum Biologorum, 93, 397-403 (1991).
Fried,B. Lipids. (review of TLC of) Chromatogr. Sci., 55, 593-623 (1991).
Gaiday,N.V., Imbs,A.B., Kuklev,D.V. and Latyshev,N.A. Separation of natural polyunsaturated fatty acids by means of iodo-lactonization. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 230-233 (1991).
Gallant,J. and LeBlanc,R.M. Purification of galactolipids by HPLC for Langmuir-Blodgett film studies. J. Chromatogr. A, 542, 307-316 (1991).
Gasser,H., Strohmaier,W., Schlag,G., Schmid,E.R. and Allmaier,G. Characterization of phosphatidylcholines in rabbit lung lavage fluid by positive and negative-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 257-266 (1991).
Ghosh,S.J., Lee,S.M., Brown,T.A., Basu,M., Hawes,J.W., Davidson,D. and Basu,S., Use of exoglycosidases from Mercenaria mercenaria (hard shelled clam) as a tool for structural studies of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins. Anal. Biochem., 196, 252-261 (1991).
Glass,R.L. Semipreparative HPLC separation of phosphatidylcholine molecular species from soybean leaves. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 339-349 (1991).
Gornati,R., Rapelli,S., Montorfano,G., Cattaneo,C. and Berra,B., A new procedure for gangliosidic N-acetylneuraminic acid analysis in serum. Int. J. Biol. Markers, 6, 91-98 (1991).
Graber,L. and Rohrbasser,C., Study on composition of plasma triacylglycerols using supercritical fluid chromatography. Chimia, 45, 342-345 (1991).
Grit,M., Crommelin,D.J.A. and Lang,J., Determination of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and their lyso forms from liposome dispersions by HPLC using high-sensitivity refractive index detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 585, 239-246 (1991).
Grob,K. LC for sample preparation in coupled LC-GC: a review. Chimia, 45, 109-113 (1991).
Grob,K., Artho,A. and Mariani,C., Coupled LC-GC for the analysis of olive oils. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 494-500 (1991).
Grob,K., Kaelin,I. and Arthro,A., Coupled LC-GC: the capacity of silica gel (HP)LC columns for retaining fat. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 373-376 (1991).
Gross,S.K., Daniel,P.F., Evans,J.E. and McCluer,R.H., Lipid composition of lysosomal multilamellar bodies of male mouse urine. J. Lipid Res., 32, 157-164 (1991).
Gu,Y., Hirano,C. and Horiike,M., Fuzzy classification analysis of continuously scanned mass spectra of binary mixtures of positionally isomeric tetradecenols. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 622-623 (1991).
Gunstone,F.D. The 13C-NMR spectra of six oils containing petroselinic acid and of aquilegia oil and meadowfoam oil which contain delta-5 acids. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 58, 159-167 (1991).
Gunstone,F.D. 13C-NMR studies of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols leading to qualitative and semiquantitative information about mixtures of these glycerol esters Chem. Phys. Lipids, 58, 219-224 (1991).
Gunstone,F.D. The composition of hydrogenated fats determined by high resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chem. Ind. (London), 802-803 (1991).
Gunstone,F.D. High resolution NMR studies of fish oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 59, 83-89 (1991).
Gutnikov,G. and Streng,J.R. Rapid HPLC determination of fatty acid profiles of lipids by conversion to their hydroxamic acids. J. Chromatogr. A, 587, 292-296 (1991).
Hamberg,M. Regio- and stereochemical analysis of trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids derived from linoleic acid 9- and 13-hydroperoxides. Lipids, 26, 407-415 (1991).
Hamberg,M. Trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids in beer: qualitative and quantitative analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 1568-1572 (1991).
Hannan,R.M. and Hill,H.H., Analysis of lipids in aging seeds using capillary supercritical fluid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 547, 393-401 (1991).
Hanras,C. and Perrin,J.L., Gram-scale preparative HPLC of phospholipids from soybean lecithins. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 804-808 (1991).
Hara-Hotta,H., Miyazaki,Y., Yano,I., Matsuyama,T. and Cotter,R.J. Mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques for structural analysis of lipids in Serratia sp. Anal. Chim. Acta, 247, 283-293 (1991).
Haroldsen,P.E., Gaskell,S.J., Weintraub,S.T. and Pinckard,R.N., Isotopic exchange during derivatization of platelet activating factor for GC-MS. J. Lipid Res., 32, 723-729 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Nicotinylidene derivatives for the structural elucidation of glycerol mono-ethers and monoesters by GC-MS. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 87-93 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Lipids from the guinea pig harderian gland - use of picolinyl and other pyridine-containing derivatives to investigate the structures of novel branched-chain fatty acids and glycerol ethers. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 61-69 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Application of nicotinate derivatives to the structural determination of glycerol ethers. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 303-307 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Identification by GC and MS of lipids from the rat Harderian gland. J. Chromatogr. B, 565, 27-34 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Identification and quantification of lipids from rabbit harderian glands by GC-MS. Biomed. Chromatogr., 5, 143-147 (1991).
Harvey,D.J. Pyridine-containing schiff base derivatives for the structural determination of long-chain aldehydes by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2, 245-249 (1991).
Hasegawa,Y., Kunow,E., Shindou,J. and Yuki,H., Determination of platelet-activating factor by a chemiluminescence method and its application to stimulated guinea pig neutrophils. Lipids, 26, 1117-1121 (1991).
Hedrick,D.B., Guckert,J.B. and White,D.C., Archaebacterial ether lipid diversity analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography: integration with a bacterial lipid protocol. J. Lipid Res., 32, 659-666 (1991).
Hirata,H., Higuchi,K., Yamashina,T. and Sugiura,M., Chemistry of succinimido esters. XXI. Determination of sphingosine bases as N-arylacetyl derivatives by normal phase HPLC. J. Japan Oil Chem. Soc. (Yukagaku), 40, 1088-1094 (1991).
Hochberg,R.B., Pahuja,S.L., Zielinski,J.E. and Larner,J.M. Steroidal fatty acid esters. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 40, 577-585 (1991).
Hogge,L.R., Taylor,D.C., Reed,D.W. and Underhill,E.W., Characterization of castor bean neutral lipids by MS/MS. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 863-868 (1991).
Holley,A.E. and Slater,T.F. Measurement of lipid hydroperoxides in normal human blood plasma using HPLC chemiluminescence linked to a diode array detector for measuring conjugated dienes. Free Rad. Res. Commun., 15, 51-63 (1991).
Holman,R.T., Pusch,F., Svingen,B. and Dutton,H.J. Unusual isomeric polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver phospholipids of rats fed hydrogenated oils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 4830-4834 (1991).
Hori,M., Sugiura,K., Sahashi,Y. and Koike,S. Determination of molecular species of triacylglycerols by reversed phase liquid chromatography/double focussing MS with a frit-CI interface. Shitsuryo Bunseki, 39, 133-140 (1991).
Horiike,M., Yuan,G. and Hirano,C. Fuzzy classification of location of double bonds in tetradecenyl acetates by electron impact mass spectrometry. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 2521-2526 (1991).
Hoving,E.B., Muskiet,F.A. and Christie,W.W. Separation of cholesterol esters by silver ion chromatography using HPLC or solid-phase extraction columns packed with a bonded sulphonic acid phase. J. Chromatogr. B, 565, 103-110 (1991).
Huang,Z.-H., Gage,D.A., Bieber,L.L. and Sweeley,C.C. Analysis of acylcarnitines as their N-demethylated ester derivatives by GC-CI/MS. Anal. Biochem., 199, 98-105 (1991).
Hullin,F., Bossant,M.J. and Salem,N. Aminophospholipid molecular species asymmetry in the human erythrocyte plasma membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1061, 15-25 (1991).
Hurst,J.S., Balazy,M., Bazan,H.E.P. and Bazan,N.G. The epithelium, endothelium and stroma of the rat cornea generate (12S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid as the main lipoxygenase metabolite in response to injury. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 6726-6730 (1991).
Husek,P. Derivatization and GC determination of hydroxycarboxylic acids treated with chloroformates. J. Chromatogr. A, 547, 307-314 (1991).
Imbs,A.B., Kuklev,D.B., Vereshchagin,A.D. and Latyshev,N.A. Application of an analytical modification of the iodolactonization reaction to selective detection of D5 (D4) unsaturated fatty acids. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 60, 71-76 (1991).
Indrasena,W.M., Paulson,A.T., Parrish,C.C. and Ackman,R.G. A comparison of alumina and silica gel chromarods for the separation and characterization of lipid classes by Iatroscan TLC-FID. J. Planar Chromatogr., 4, 182-188 (1991).
Ishinaga,M., Tanimoto,M., Sugiyama,S., Kumamoto,R. and Yokoro,K. Molecular species of phospholipids in rats in primary and transplanted fibrosarcomas induced by soybean oil containing tocopherol acetate. Biochem. Cell Biol., 69, 655-660 (1991).
Itabashi,Y., Marai,L. and Kuksis,A. Identification of natural diacylglycerols as the 3,5-dinitrophenylurethanes by chiral phase liquid chromatography with MS. Lipids, 26, 951-956 (1991).
Itonori,S., Kamemura,K., Narushima,K., Sonku,N., Itasaka,O., Hori,T. and Sugita,M. Characterization of a new phosphonocerebroside, N-methyl-2-aminoethyl phosphonylglucosylceramide, from the Antarctic krill, Euphasia superba. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1081, 321-327 (1991).
Iwahashi,H., Parker,C.E., Mason,R.P. and Tomer,K.B. Radical adducts of nitrosobenzene and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane with 12,13-epoxylinoleic acid radical, 12,13-epoxylinolenic acid radical and 14,15-epoxyarachidonic acid radical. Biochem. J., 276, 447-453 (1991).
Jandera,P. and Guiochon,G. Effect of the sample solvent on band profiles in preparative liquid-chromatography using nonaqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 588, 1-14 (1991).
Jeffrey,B.S.J. Silver-complexation liquid chromatography for fast, high-resolution separation of triacylglycerols. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 289-293 (1991).
Jensen,M.T, Knudsen,J. and Olson,J.M. A novel aminoglycosphingolipid found in Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum 6230. Arch. Microbiol., 156, 248-254 (1991).
Jeong,Y., Ohshima,T. and Koizumi,C. Changes in molecular species compositions of glycerophospholipids in Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) during frozen storage. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 100, 99-105 (1991).
Jiang,Z.D. and Gerwick,W.H. An aldehyde-containing galactolipid from the red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Lipids, 26, 960-963 (1991).
Jiang,Z.-Y., Woollard,A.C.S. and Wolff,S.P. Lipid hydroperoxide measurement by oxidation of Fe2+ in the presence of xylenol orange. Comparison of the TBA assay and an iodometric method. Lipids, 26, 853-856 (1991).
Kallio,H., Johansson,A. and Oksman,P. Composition and development of turnip rapeseed (Brassica campestris) oil triacylglycerols at different stages of maturation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 1752-1756 (1991).
Kallio,H., Vauhkonen,T. and Linko,R.R. Thin-layer silver ion chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography of Baltic herring (Clupea harrengus membras) triacylglycerols. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 1573-1577 (1991).
Kamata,T., Tanno,H., Ohrui,H. and Meguro,H. A sensitive enzymatic determination of acylglycerol hydroperoxide by lipase and glutathione peroxidase with N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide fluorometry. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 1989-1992 (1991).
Kamata,T., Tanno,H., Ohrui,H. and Meguro,H. A sensitive enzymatic determination of fatty acid hydroperoxide by glutathione peroxidase with N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide fluorometry. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 1985-1988 (1991).
Kaphalia,B.S. and Ansari,G.A.S. Rapid chromatographic analysis of fatty acid anilides suspected of causing toxic oil syndrome. J. Anal. Toxicol., 15, 90-94 (1991).
Karara,A., Dishman,E., Falck,J.R. and Capdevila,J.H. Endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoyl-phospholipids. A novel class of cellular glycerolipids containing epoxidized arachidonate moieties. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 7561-7569 (1991).
Karlsson,K.A., Lanne,B., Pimlott,W. and Teneberg,S. The resolution into molecular species on desorption of glycolipids from TLC chromatograms, using combined TLC and fast-atom-bombardment MS. Carbohydrate Res., 221, 49-61 (1991).
Kasama,T. and Handa,S. Structural studies of gangliosides by fast atom bombardment ionization, low-energy collision-activated dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry. Biochemistry, 30, 5621-5624 (1991).
Kase,B.F., Olund,J. An Sisfontes,L. Separation of pristanic and phytanic acid by HPLC: application of the method. Anal. Biochem., 196, 95-98 (1991).
Kato,N., Gasa,S., Makita,A. and Oguchi,H. Improved separation of lysoglycolipids from solvolyzates by reversed-phase HPLC. J. Chromatogr. A, 549, 133-139 (1991).
Kaufmann,P. and Herslof,B.G. A multivariate identification of natural triglyceride oils. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 179-183 (1991).
Kawahara,K., Seyde,U., Matsuura,M., Danbara,H., Rietschel,E.T. and Zähringer,U. Chemical structure of glycosphingolipids isolated from Sphingomonas paucimobilis. FEBS Letts, 292, 107-110 (1991).
Kayganich,K.A. and Murphy,R.C. Molecular species analysis of arachidonate containing glycerophosphocholines by tandem-mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2, 45-54 (1991).
Kennerley,D.A. Quantitative analysis of water-soluble products of cell-associated phospholipase C- and phospholipase D-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Methods Enzymol., 197, 191-197 (1991).
Kieft,K.A., Bocan,T.M.A. and Krause,B.R. Rapid on-line determination of cholesterol distribution among plasma lipoproteins after high-performance gel filtration chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 32, 859-866 (1991).
Kilby,P.M., Bolas,N.M. and Radda,G.K. 31P-NMR study of brain phospholipid structures in vivo. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1085, 257-264 (1991).
Kitsos,M., Gandini,C., Massolimi,G., De Lorenzi,E. and Caccialanza,G. HPLC post-column derivatization with fluorescence detection to study the influence of ambroxol on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine levels in rabbit eustachian tube washings. J. Chromatogr. A, 553, 1-6 (1991).
Kler,R.S., Jackson,S., Bartlett,K., Bindoff,L.A., Eaton,S., Pourfarzam,M., Frerman,F.E., Goodman,S.I., Watmough,N.J. and Turnbull,D.M. Quantitation of acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine esters accumulated during abnormal mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 22932-22938 (1991).
Kloppel.K.-D. and Frederickson,H.L. FAB MS as a rapid means of screening mixtures of ether-linked polar lipids from extremely halophilic archaebacteria for the presence of novel chemical structures. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 369-376 (1991).
Klyashchitsky,B.A., Mezhova,I.V., Krasnopolsky,Y.M. and Shvets,V.I. Preparative isolation of polyphosphoinositides and other anionic phospholipids from natural sources using chromatography on adsorbents containing primary amino groups. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 14, 284-295 (1991).
Kobayashi,T. and Goto,I. A sensitive assay of lysogangliosides using HPLC. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1081, 159-166 (1991).
Kojima,M., Kimura,H., Ohnishi,M., Fujino,Y. and Ito,S. Distribution and characterization of diglycosyldiacylglycerol isomers with different anomeric configuration in higher-plants. Phytochemistry, 30, 1165-1168 (1991).
Kojima,M., Ohnishi,M. and Ito,S. Composition and molecular species of ceramide and cerebroside in scarlet runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 1709-1714 (1991).
Kojima,M., Seki,T., Ohnishi,M. and Ito,S. Two digalactosyldiacylglycerols with different anomeric configuration in leguminous seeds. J. Sci. Food Agric., 54, 35-41 (1991).
Korytowski,W., Bachowski,G.J. and Girotti,A.W. Chromatographic separation and electrochemical determination of cholesterol hydroperoxides generated by photodynamic action. Anal. Biochem., 197, 149-156 (1991).
Koul,O., Prada-Maluf,M., McCluer,R.H. and Ullman,M.D. Rapid isolation of monosialogangliosides from bovine brain gangliosides by selective-overload chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1712-1715 (1991).
Kramer,J.K.G., Fouchard,R.C., Sauer,F.D., Farnworth,E.R. and Wolynetz,M.S. Quantitating total and specific lipids in a small amount of biological sample by TLC-FID. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 42-45 (1991).
Kuhn,H., Heydeck,D. and Sprecher,H. On the mechanistic reason for the dual positional specificity of the reticulocyte lipoxygenase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1081, 129-134 (1991).
Kuksis,A., Marai,L. and Myher,J.J. Plasma lipid profiling by liquid chromatography with chloride-attachment MS. Lipids, 26, 240-246 (1991).
Kuksis,A., Marai,L. and Myher,J.J. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of complex mixtures of natural triacylglycerols with chloride attachment negative chemical ionization. J. Chromatogr. A, 588, 73-87 (1991).
Kuksis,A., Marai,L., Myher,J.J., Itabashi,Y. and Pind,S. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of molecular species of glycerolipids by HPLC. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 214-232 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Kuksis,A., Marai,L., Myher,J.J., Itabashi,Y. and Pind,S. Applications of GC/MS, LC/MS and FAB/MS to determination of molecular species of glycerolipids. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 464-495 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Kuksis,A., Myher,J.J., Geher,K., Breckenridge,W.C., Feather,T., McGuire,V. and Little,J.A. Gas chromatographic profiles of plasma total lipids as indicators of dietary history - correlation with fat intake based on 24-H dietary recall. J. Chromatogr. B, 564, 11-26 (1991).
Kurantz,M.J., Maxwell,R.J., Kwoczak,R. and Taylor,F. Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of non-polar lipids by high-performance TLC and fluorodensitometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 549, 387-399 (1991).
Kuypers,F.A., Butikofer,P. and Shackleton,C.H. Application of liquid chromatography-thermospray MS in the analysis of glycerophospholipid molecular species. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 191-206 (1991).
Laakso,P. and Christie,W.W. Combination of silver ion and reversed-phase HPLC in the fractionation of herring oil triacylglycerols. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 213-223 (1991).
Le Quere,J.-L., Sebedio,J.L., Henry,R., Couderc,F., Demont,N. and Prome,J.C. GC-MS and GC-tandem MS of cyclic fatty acid monomers isolated from heated fats. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 659-672 (1991).
Lee,C. and Hajra,A.K. Molecular species of diacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides and the postmortem changes in the molecular species of diacylglycerols in rat brain. J. Neurochem., 56, 370-379 (1991).
Lee,C., Fisher,S.K., Agranoff,B.W. and Hajra,A.K. Quantitative analysis of molecular species of diacylglycerol and phosphatidate formed upon muscarinic receptor activation of human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 22837-22846 (1991).
Lee,T.W., Bobik,E. and Malone,W. Quantitative determination of monoglycerides and diglycerides with and without derivatization by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 74, 533-537 (1991).
Leitch,C.A. and Jones,P.J.H. Measurement of triglyceride synthesis in humans using deuterium oxide and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 392-396 (1991).
Lendrath,G., Bonekamp-Nasner,A. and Kraus,L. Analytical possibilities of qualitative and quantitative determination of phospholipids of different sources. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 53-61 (1991).
Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. and Choi,Y.C. GC-MS of saturated and unsaturated even and odd-number long chain fatty acids by analysis of the picolinyl esters. Application to a Chinese medicinial seed (Cuscuta semen) seed oil. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Chem., 3, 121-128 (1991).
Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F., Choi,C.Y.C., Berger,A. and Berger,R.G. Re-examination of the fatty acid composition of Biota orientalis seed oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the picolinyl ester derivatives. J. Chromatogr. A, 543, 257-261 (1991).
Lin,C., Blank,E.W., Ceriani,R.L. and Baker,N. Evidence of extensive phospholipid fatty acid methylation during the assumed selective methylation of plasma free fatty acids by diazomethane. Lipids, 26, 548-552 (1991).
Linard,A., Guesnet,P. and Durand,G. Separation of phospholipid classes by overpressure layer chromatography (OPLC). Rev. Franc. Corps Gras, 38, 377-380 (1991).
Liu,Y. and Chan,K.-F.J. High-performance capillary electrophoresis of gangliosides. Electrophoresis, 12, 402-408 (1991).
Lohmus,M., Vamets,A., Jarning,I., Samel,N., Lille,U. and Pehk,T. Preparative separation of natural prostaglandins E. Prep. Chromatogr., 1, 279-300 (1991).
Lysz,T.W., Wu,Y., Brash,A.R., Keeting,P.A., Lin,C. and Fu,S.C.J. Identification of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the young rat lens. Current Eye Res., 10, 331-337 (1991).
Maniongui,C., Gresti,J., Bugaut,M., Gautier,S. and Bezard,J. Determination of bovine butter fat triacylglycerols by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 543, 81-103 (1991).
Mano,Y., Nishiyama,S., Kojima,M., Ohnishi,M. and Ito,S. Analysis of the molecular species of glycerolipids from rye grains by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cereal Chem., 68, 280-284 (1991).
Manuguerra,J.-C., DuBois,C. and Hannoun,C. Analytical detection of 9(4)-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins and gangliosides using influenza C virus. Anal. Biochem., 194, 425-432 (1991).
Mares,P., Rezanka,T. and Novak,M. Analysis of human blood plasma triacylglycerols using capillary GC, silver ion TLC fractionation and desorption CI-MS. J. Chromatogr. B, 568, 1-10 (1991).
Mariani,C., Fedeli,E. and Grob,K. Determination of free and esterified minor components in fatty materials. Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse, 68, 233-242 (1991).
Markello,T.C., Guo,J. and Gahl,W.A. HPLC of lipids for the identification of human metabolic diseases. Anal. Biochem., 198, 368-374 (1991).
Matsubara,T. and Hayashi,A. FAB/MS of lipids. Prog. Lipid Res., 30, 301-322 (1991).
Matsubara,T. and Hayashi,A. Fragmentation pathways of O-trimethylsilyl ethers of dihydroxy long-chain bases analysed by linked-scan MS. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 119-124 (1991).
Matsuki,N., Tamura,S., Ono,K., Watari,T., Goitsuka,R., Takahi,S. and Hasegawa,A. The HPLC analysis for the peroxidized phospholipids in equine erythrocytes and skeletal muscle. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 53, 717-719 (1991).
Matsumoto,U., Nakayama,H., Shibusawa,Y. and Niimura,T. Separation of human serum lipoproteins into three major classes by hydroxyapatite chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B, 566, 67-76 (1991).
Mazur,A.W., Hiler,G.D., Lee,S.S.C., Armstrong,M.P. and Wendel,J.D. Regio- and stereoselective enzymatic esterification of glycerol and its derivatives. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 60, 189-199 (1991).
Merchant,T.E., Meneses,P., Gierke,L.W., Otter,W., Den,W. and Glonek,T. P-31 NMR analysis of phospholipid profiles of neoplastic human breast tissues. Brit. J. Cancer, 63, 693-698 (1991).
Merritt,M.V., Sheeley,D.M. and Reinhold,V.N. Characterization of glycosphingolipids by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem., 193, 24-34 (1991).
Miwa,H., Yamamoto,M. and Asano,T. HPLC analysis of fatty acid compositions of platelet phospholipids as their 2-nitrophenylhydrazides. J. Chromatogr. B, 568, 25-34 (1991).
Moffat,C.F., McGill,A.S. and Anderson,R.S. The production of artifacts during preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from fish oils, food products and pathological samples. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 322-326 (1991).
Mossoba,M.M., McDonald,R.E., Armstrong,D.J. and Page,S.W. Hydrogenation of soybean oil: a TLC and GC/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared study. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 695-699 (1991).
Mossoba,M.M., McDonald,R.E., Armstrong,D.J. and Page,S.W. Identification of minor C18 triene and conjugated diene isomers in hydrogenated soybean oil and margarine by GC-Mi-FT-IR spectroscopy. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 29, 324-330 (1991).
Murakami,N., Imamura,H., Morimoto,T., Ueda,T., Nagai,S., Sakakibara,J. and Yamada,N., Studies on glycolipids 2. Selective preparation of sn-1 and sn-2 lysogalactolipids by enzymatic hydrolysis using lipase (from Rhizopus arrizhus). Tetrahedron Letts., 32, 1331-1334 (1991).
Myers,R.L., Ullmann,M.D., Ventura,R.F. and Yates,A.J. A HPLC method for the analysis of glycosphingolipids using galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 labelling of intact cells and synaptosomes. Anal. Biochem., 192, 156-164 (1991).
Nakamura,T. and Maeda,H. A simple assay for lipid hydroperoxides based on triphenylphosphine oxidation and HPLC. Lipids, 26, 765-768 (1991).
Nanjee,M.N., Gebre,A.K. and Miller,N.E. Enzymatic fluorometric procedure for phospholipid quantification with an automated mictrotiter plate fluorometer. Clin. Chem., 37, 868-874 (1991).
Negri,A.P., Cornell,H.J. and Rivett,D.S. The nature of covalently bound fatty acids in wool fibres. Austral. J. Agric. Res., 42, 1285-1292 (1991).
Nelson,G.J., Isolation and purification of lipids from biological matrices. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 20-59 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Nikolova-Damyanova,B. and Amidzhin,B. Densitometric quantitation of triglycerides. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 397-401 (1991).
Nilsson,R. and Liljenberg,C. The determination of double bond positions in polyunsaturated fatty acids - GC/MS of the diethylamide derivatives. Phytochem. Anal., 2, 253-259 (1991).
Nishimura,K., Suzuki,A. and Kino,H. Sphingolipids of a cestode Metrioliasthes coturnix. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1086, 141-150 (1991).
Norman,H.A., Pillai,P. and St John,J.B. In vitro desaturation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine molecular species by chloroplast homogenates. Phytochemistry, 30, 2217-2222 (1991).
Nyyssonen,K. and Salonen,J.T. Comparison of gel permeation chromatography, density gradient ultracentrifugation and precipitation methods for quantitation of VLDL, LDL and HDL cholesterol. J. Chromatogr. B, 570, 382-389 (1991).
Ohara,K., Sano,M., Kondo,A. and Kato,I. Two-dimensional mapping by HPLC of pyridylamino oligosaccharides from various glycolipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 586, 35-41 (1991).
Ohashi,Y., and Nagai,Y. Fast-atom-bombardment chemistry of sulfatide (3-sulfogalactosylceramide). Carbohydrate Res., 221, 235-243 (1991).
Ohshima,T. and Ackman,R.G. New developments in Chromarod/Iatroscan TLC-FID: analysis of lipid class composition. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 27-34 (1991).
Ohshima,T. and Koizumi,C. Selected ion monitoring GC/MS of 1,2-diacylglycerol tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers derived from glycerophospholipids. Lipids, 26, 940-947 (1991).
Okita,R.T., Clark,J.E., Okita,J.R. and Masters,B.S.S. omega-Hydroxylation and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of eicosanoids and fatty acids by HPLC. Methods Enzymol., 206, 432-441 (1991).
Orr,J.R., Adamson,G.L. and Lindgren,F.T. Preparative ultracentrifugation and analytical ultracentrifugation of plasma lipoproteins. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 524-554 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Otvos,J.D., Jeyarajah,E.J. and Bennett,D.W. Quantitation of plasma lipoproteins by proton NMR. Clin. Chem., 37, 377-386 (1991).
Pahuja,S.L., Zielinski,J.E., Giordano,G., McMurray,W.J. and Hochberg,R.B. The biosynthesis of D-ring fatty acid esters of estriol. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 7410-7416 (1991).
Pchelkin,V.P. and Vereshchagin,A.G. Identification of individual diacylglycerols by adsorption TLC of their coordination complexes. J. Chromatogr. A, 538, 373-383 (1991).
Petrzika,M., Engst,W. and Macholz,R. Mass spectrometric structural analysis of fatty acid mixtures from biological material after capillary GC. Nahrung, 35, 491-502 (1991).
Pick,J. and Kovacs,L. Lipid analysis by HP-TLC II. Multidevelopment technique. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 91-92 (1991).
Pina,M., Montet,D., Graille,J., Ozenne,C. and Lamberet,G. Contribution of Grignard reagents in the analysis of short-chain fatty acids. Rev. Franc. Corps Gras, 38, 7-8 (1991).
Piretti,M.V. and Pagliuca,G. Regeneration of column activity after the GC separation of membrane lipids on thermostable SE-52 phase. J. Chromatogr. A, 585, 342-344 (1991).
Pourfarzam,M. and Bartlett,K. Synthesis, characterisation and HPLC of C6-C16 dicarboxylyl-mono-coenzyme A and -mono-carnitine esters. J. Chromatogr. B, 570, 253-276 (1991).
Quinn,R.J. and Tucker,D.J. Further acetylenic acids from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria. J. Nat. Prod., 54, 290-294 (1991).
Rackham,D.M. and Harvey,G.A. Stereochemical analysis of a leukotriene related hydroxypentadecadiene using a chiral HPLC column and diode array detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 542, 189-192 (1991).
Ranny,M., Sedlacek,J. and Michalec,C. Resolution of phospholipids on chromarods impregnated with salts of some divalent metals. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 15-18 (1991).
Redden,P.R. and Huang,Y.S. Automated separation and quantitation of lipid fractions by HPLC and mass detection. J. Chromatogr. B, 567, 21-27 (1991).
Rezanka,T. and Mares,P. Determination of plant triacylglycerols using capillary GC, HPLC and MS. J. Chromatogr. A, 542, 145-159 (1991).
Rezanka,T., Zlatkin,I.V., Viden,I., Slabova,O.I. and Nikitin,D.I. Capillary GC-MS of unusual and very-long-chain fatty acids from soil Oligotrophic bacteria. J. Chromatogr. A, 558, 215-221 (1991).
Rivera,C.J., Plishker,G.A., Morrisett,J.D., Moore,J. and Percy,A.K. C-13 NMR spectroscopic analysis of phospholipid metabolism in adrenal chromaffin cells. NMR Biomed., 4, 133-136 (1991).
Roemen,T.H.M. and van der Vusse,G.J. Assessment of fatty acids in cardiac tissue as 9-anthryldiazomethane esters by HPLC. J. Chromatogr. B, 570, 243-251 (1991).
Rojo,J.A. and Perkins,E.G. Isomer identification and gas chromatographic retention studies of monomeric cyclic fatty acid methyl esters. J. Chromatogr. A, 537, 329-344 (1991).
Sacchi,R., Paolillo,L., Giudicianni,I. and Addeo,F. Rapid 1H-NMR determination of 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides in virgin olive oils. Ital. J. Food Sci., 3, 253-262 (1991).
Sadeghi-Jorabchi,J.D., Wilson,R.H., Belton,P.S., Edwards-Webb,J.D. and Coxon,D.T. Quantitative analysis of oils and fats by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta A, Mol. Spec., 47, 1449-1458 (1991).
Salyan,M.E.K., Stroud,M.R. and Levery,S.B. Differentiation of type 1 and type 2 chain linkages of native glycosphingolipids by positive-ion fast-atom bombardmentMS with collision-induced dissociation and linked scanning. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 456-462 (1991).
Sato,T., Kawana,S. and Iwamoto,M. Near infrared spectral patterns of fatty acid analysis from fats and oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 827-833 (1991).
Sattler,W., Puhl,W., Hayn,M., Kostner,G.M. and Esterbauer,H., Determination of fatty acids in the main lipoprotein classes by capillary GC:BF3/methanol transesterification of lyophilized samples instead of Folch extraction gives higher yields. Anal. Biochem., 198, 184-190 (1991).
Schaller,H. High temperature stationary phases for triglyceride analysis with capillary columns. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 510-515 (1991).
Schlame,M. and Otten,D. Analysis of cardiolipin molecular species by HPLC of its derivative 1,3-bisphosphatidyl-2-benzoyl-sn-glycerol. Anal. Biochem., 195, 290-295 (1991).
Schlame,M., Beyer,K., Hayer-Hartl,M. and Klingenberg,M. Molecular species of cardiolipin in relation to other mitochondrial phospholipids. Is there an acyl specificity of the interaction between cardiolipin and the ADP/ATP carrier. Eur. J. Biochem., 199, 459-466 (1991).
Sebedio,J.L. Chromatographic techniques applied to heated fats and oils. Chromatography and Analysis, (Oct. Issue), 9-11 (1991).
Sebedio,J.L. and Juaneda,P. Quantitative lipid analyses using the new Iatroscan TLC-FID system. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 35-41 (1991).
Sempore,B.G. and Bezard,J.A. Determination of molecular species of oil triacylglycerols by reversed-phase and chiral-phase HPLC. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 702-709 (1991).
Sempore,B.G. and Bezard,J.A. Enantiomer separation by chiral-phase liquid chromatography of urethane derivatives of natural diacylglycerols previously fractionated by reversed-phase LC. J. Chromatogr. A, 557, 227-240 (1991).
Sempore,B.G. and Bezard,J.A. Analysis and fractionation of natural source diacylglycerols as urethane derivatives by reversed-phase HPLC. J. Chromatogr. A, 547, 89-103 (1991).
Shaffiq-Ur-Rehman Rapid isocratic method for the separation and quantification of major phospholipid classes by HPLC. J. Chromatogr. B, 567, 29-37 (1991).
Shantha,N.C. and Ackman,R.G. Fish oil tetracosenoic acid isomers and GLC analyses of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids, 26, 237-239 (1991).
Shantha,N.C. and Ackman,R.G. Behaviour of a common phthalate plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate) during the alkali- and/or acid catalysed steps in an AOCS method for the preparation of methyl esters. J. Chromatogr. A, 587, 263-267 (1991).
Shantha,N.C. and Ackman,R.G. Silica gel TLC method for concentration of longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from food and marine lipids. Canad. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J., 24, 156-160 (1991).
Shimano,H., Yamada,N., Ishibashi,S., Mokuno,H., Mori,N., Gotoda,T., Harada,K., Akanuma,Y., Murase,T., Yazaki,Y. and Takaku,F. Oxidation-labile subfraction of human plasma LDL isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 32, 763-773 (1991).
Shimizu,A., Ashida,Y. and Fujiwara,F. Measurement of the ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin in amniotic fluid by fast atom bombardment MS. Clin. Chem., 37, 1370-1374 (1991).
Shore,V.G. Non-denaturing electrophoresis of lipoproteins in agarose and polyacrylamide gradient gels. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 573-598 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Shukla,V.K.S. and Perkins,E.G. The presence of oxidative polymeric materials in encapsulated fish oils. Lipids, 26, 23-26 (1991).
Sidisky,L.M. and Ridley,H.S. Temperature dependence of equivalent chain length values on capillary columns of different polarity. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 191-195 (1991).
Smuts,C.M. and Tichelaar,H.Y. Simple TLC purification procedure for the determination of cholesterol ester fatty acid compositions. J. Chromatogr. B, 564, 272-277 (1991).
Song,Y., Kitajima,K., Inoue,S. and Inoue,Y. Isolation and structure elucidation of a novel type of ganglioside, deaminated neuraminic acid (KDN)-containing glycosphingolipid, from rainbow trout sperm. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 21929-21935 (1991).
Sonnet,P.E., Dudley,R.L., Osman,S., Pfeffer,P.E. and Schwartz,D. Configuration analysis of unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids. J. Chromatogr. A, 586, 255-258 (1991).
Spitzer,V. GC-MS (chemical ionization and electron impact modes) characterization of the methyl esters and oxazoline derivatives of cyclopropene fatty acids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 963-969 (1991).
Spitzer,V., Marx,F., Maia,J.G.S. and Pfeilsticker,K. Curupira tefeensis II. Occurrence of acetylenic fatty acids. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 169-174 (1991).
Spitzer,V., Marx,F., Maia,J.G.S. and Pfeilsticker,K. Identification of conjugated fatty-acids in the seed oil of Acioa edulis (Prance) syn Couepia edulis (Chrysobalanaceae). J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 183-189 (1991).
Squire,R.S.T. Synthesis and purification of radioactive fatty acylcarnitines of high specific activity. Anal. Biochem., 197, 104-107 (1991).
Stein,J.M., Smith,G.A, and Luzio,J.P. An acetylation method for the quantification of membrane lipids, including phospholipids, polyphosphoinositides and cholesterol. Biochem. J., 274, 375-379 (1991).
Stein,T.A., Bailey,B., Auguste,L.-J. and Wise,L. Measurement of prostaglandin G/H synthase and lipoxygenase activity in the stomach wall by HPLC. BioChromatogr., 10, 222-225 (1991).
Stinson,A.M., Wiegand,R.D. and Anderson,R.E. Recycling of docosahexaenoic acid in rat retinas during n-3 fatty acid deficiency. J. Lipid Res., 32, 2009-2017 (1991).
Sugatani,J., Fujimura,K., Miwa,M., Satouchi,K. and Saito,K. Molecular heterogeneity of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in rat glandular stomach determined by GC/MS. PAF molecular species changes upon water-immersion stress. Lipids, 26, 1347-1353 (1991).
Sugiura,T., Ojima,T., Fukuda,T., Satouchi,K., Saito,K. and Waku,K. Production of platelet-activating factor in slugs. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1795-1803 (1991).
Suzuki,M., Yamakawa,T. and Suzuki,A. A micromethod involving micro HPLC-MS for the structural characterization of neutral glycosphingolipids and monosialogangliosides. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 109, 503-506 (1991).
Szucs,R., Vindovogel,J. and Sandra,P. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography of aliphatic compounds with indirect UV detection. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 14, 694-695 (1991).
Takagi,T. Chromatographic resolution of chiral lipid derivatives. Prog. Lipid Res., 29, 277-298 (1991).
Takagi,T. and Ando,Y. Stereospecific analysis of triacyl-sn-glycerols by chiral HPLC. Lipids, 26, 542-547 (1991).
Takagi,T. and Ando,Y. Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols by chiral-phase HPLC. Direct derivatization of partially hydrolyzed products. J. Japan Oil Chem. Soc. (Yukagaku), 40, 288-292 (1991).
Takahashi,K. and Hirano,T. Chromatographic behaviour of glycerolipid with respect to 1,2-;2,1- and 1,2-;1,3- isomers on reverse phase mode. J. Japan Oil Chem. Soc. (Yukagaku), 40, 277-282 (1991).
Takahashi,K. and Hirano,T. Theoretical aspects of the resolution of lipid molecular species containing unsaturated fatty acid on reverse phase HPLC. J. Japan Oil Chem. Soc. (Yukagaku), 40, 300-305 (1991).
Takamura,H. and Kito,M. A highly sensitive method for quantitative analysis of phospholipid molecular species by HPLC. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 109, 436-439 (1991).
Takeuchi,T., Ackman,R.G. and Lall,S.P. Differences in fatty acid composition of fish faeces as determined by two extraction methods. J. Sci. Food Agric., 56, 259-264 (1991).
Taylor,D.C., Weber,N., Barton,D.L., Underhill,E.W., Hogge,L.R., Weselake,R.J. and Pomeroy,M.K. Triacylglycerol bioassembly in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus L. cv. Reston. Plant Physiol., 97, 65-79 (1991).
Thomas,D.W., van Kuijk,F.J.G.M., Dratz,E.A. and Stephens,R.J. Quantitative determination of hydroxy fatty acids as an indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidation: GC-MS methods. Anal. Biochem., 198, 104-111 (1991).
Triolo,A., Bertini,J., Mannucci,C., Perico,A. and Pestellini,V. Analysis of platelet-activating factor by GC-MS/low energy electron impact of the corresponding 3-acetyl-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivative. J. Chromatogr. B, 568, 281-290 (1991).
Vairamani,M. and Saraswathi,M. Mass spectral study of geometrical (E)- and (Z)-isomers. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 10, 491-597 (1991).
van Ooosten,H.J., Klooster,J.R., Vandeginste,B.G.M. and de Galan,L. Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of oils and fats. Fat Sci. Technol., 93, 481-487 (1991).
Vedie,B., Myara,I., Pech,M.A., Maziere,J.C., Maziere,C., Caprania,A. and Moatti,N. Fractionation of charge-modified LDL by fast protein liquid chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1359-1359 (1991).
Volkman,J.K. and Nichols,P.D. Application of TLC-flame ionization detection to the analysis of lipids and pollutants in marine and environmental samples. J. Planar Chromatogr. - Mod. TLC, 4, 19-26 (1991).
Wadano,T., Ikeda,T., Matumoto,M. and Himeno,M. Immobilized catalyst for detecting chemiluminescence in lipid hydroperoxide. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 1217-1223 (1991).
Warne,T.R. and Robinson,M. A method for the simultaneous determination of alkylacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoalkylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and cholesterol by HPLC. Anal. Biochem., 198, 302-307 (1991).
Wasiak,W. Chemically bonded chelates as selective complexing sorbents for gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 547, 259-268 (1991).
Weber,C., Holler,M., Beetens,J., de Clerck,F. and Tegtmeier,F. Determination of 6-keto-PGF1a, 2,3-dinor-6-ketoPGF1a, thromboxane B2, 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2a in human urine by GC-chemical ion MS. J. Chromatogr. B, 562, 599-611 (1991).
Weintraub,S.T., Pinckard,R.N. and Hail,M. Electrospray ionisation for analysis of platelet activating factor. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 309-311 (1991).
Weintraub,S.T., Pinckard,R.N., Heath,T.G. and Gage,D.A. Novel mass spectral fragmentation of heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of acyl analogs of platelet-activating factor. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2, 476-482 (1991).
Wolff,J.P., Mordret,F.X. and Dieffenbacher,A. Determination of polymerized triglycerides in oils and fats by HPLC. Results of a collaborative study and the standardized method. Pure Appl. Chem., 63, 1163-71 (1991).
Wolff,J.P., Mordret,F.X. and Dieffenbacher,A. Determination of triglycerides in vegetable oils in terms of their partition numbers by HPLC. Results of a collaborative study and the standardized method. Pure Appl. Chem., 63, 1173-82 (1991).
Wolff,R.L. and Entressangles,B. Compositional changes of fatty acids in the 1(1')- and 2(2')- positions of cardiolipin from liver, heart, and kidney mitochondria of rats fed a low-fat diet. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1082, 136-142 (1991).
Wolff,R.L. and Sebedio,J.L. Geometrical isomers of linolenic acid in low-calorie spreads marketed in France. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 719-725 (1991).
Wong,W.W., Hachey,D.L., Feste,A., Leggitt,J., Clarke,L.L., Pond,W.G. and Klein,P.D. Measurement of in vivo cholesterol synthesis from 2H2O: a rapid procedure for the isolation, combustion, and isotopic assay of erythrocyte cholesterol. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1049-1056 (1991).
Wood,R. Sample preparation, derivatization and analysis. In: Analyses of Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins, pp. 236-269 (ed. E.G. Perkins, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, U.S.A.) (1991).
Yamamoto,H., Nakamura,K., Nakatani,M. and Terada,H. Determination of phospholipids on 2-dimensional TLC plates by imaging densitometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 543, 201-210 (1991).
Yamamoto,K., Shibahara,A., Nakayama,T. and Kajimoto,G. Double bond localization in heneicosapentaenoic acid by a GC/MS method. Lipids, 26, 948-950 (1991).
Yamamoto,K., Shibahara,A., Nakayama,T. and Kajimoto,G. Determination of double bond positions in methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids by GC-MS as their dimethyl disulphide adducts. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 60, 39-50 (1991).
Yamane,M. and Abe,A. High-performance liquid-chromatography thermospray mass-spectrometry of prostaglandin and thromboxane acetyl derivatives. J. Chromatogr. B, 568, 11-24 (1991).
Yang,B. and Chen,J. Analysis of neutral lipids and glycerolysis products from olive oil by liquid chromatography. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 980-982 (1991).
Yang,L.-Y. and Kuksis,A. Apparent convergence (at 2-monoacylglycerol level) of phosphatidic acid and 2-monoacylglycerol pathways of synthesis of chylomicron triacylglycerols. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1173-1186 (1991).
Yang,L.-Y., Kuksis,A. and Myher,J.J. Similarities in surface lipids of chylomicrons from glycerol and alkyl ester feeding: major components. Lipids, 26, 806-818 (1991).
Yasugi,E., Kasama,T. and Seyama,Y. Composition of long chain bases in ceramide of the guinea pig Harderian gland. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 110, 202-206 (1991).
Yokoyama,Y., Hashimoto,M., Tsuchiya,M. and Yabe,R. Phospholipids in middle ear effusion and serum analysed by liquid ionization mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 111, 263-272 (1991).
Zamir,I. Derivatization of saturated long-chain fatty acids with phenacyl bromide in non-ionic micelles. J. Chromatogr. A, 586, 347-350 (1991).
Zamir,I., Grushka,E. and Chemke,J. Separation and determination of saturated very-long-chain free fatty acids in plasma of patients with adrenoleukodystrophy using solid-phase extraction and HPLC. J. Chromatogr. B, 567, 319-330 (1991).
Zamir,I., Grushka,E. and Cividalli,G. HPLC analysis of free palmitic and stearic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Chromatogr. B, 565, 424-429 (1991).
Zeitoun,M.A.M., Neff,W.E., Selke,E. and Mounts,T.L. Analyses of vegetable oil triglyceride molecular species by reversed phase HPLC. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 2685-2698 (1991).
Zhu,X., Hara,A. and Taketomi,T. The existence of cerebroside I3-sulphate in serums of various mammals and its anticoagulant activity. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 110, 241-245 (1991).
Zirrolli,J.A., Clay,K.L. and Murphy,R.C. Tandem MS of negative ions from choline phospholipid molecular species related to platelet activating factor. Lipids, 26, 1112-1116 (1991).

© Data compiled by Bill Christie
Updated: February 1^st, 2023	Contact/credits/disclaimer