LMPD Database

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LMP010542

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Nameprotein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Protein EntryPAD4_ARATH
UniProt IDQ9S745
SpeciesArabidopsis
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Disruption PhenotypeImpaired camalexin accumulation, reduced synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET), and altered expression of pathogenesis-related genes (e.g. PR1, ALD1, BGL2 and PR5) upon some pathogenic infections (e.g. P.syringae) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) recognition. Loss of the systemic acquired resistance response. Reduced fitness characterized by lower seed yield and survival rate. Increased sensitivity to P.syringae, H.arabidopsidis, turnip crinkle virus (TCV) and E.orontii. These phenotypes are reversed by SA treatment. Altered sensitivity to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling. Decreased susceptibility to the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) that mediates programmed cell death (PCD). Impaired induction of EDS5/SID1 expression after UV-C light exposure and pathogen attack. Altered LSD1-dependent acclimatization to light conditions that promote excess excitation energy (EEE). Impaired formation of lysigenous aerenchyma in response to hypoxia. Reduced resistance against green peach aphid (GPA, M.persicae) due to increased phloem sap uptake, reduced accumulation of antibiotic activity in petiole exudates, and delayed leaf senescence in insect-infested tissue, including chlorophyll loss, cell death, and senescence associated genes (SAG) expression. Loss of [5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]- piperidine-1-ylmethanethione- (DFPM-) induced root growth arrest and inhibition of stomatal closing mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10796016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11041879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11595797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11826312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11846877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14617091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15347794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15447647, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15773856, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16353557, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16813576, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17431038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17725549, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18005228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18055613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18266921, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20367470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22353573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23400705, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8725243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136026, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9634589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9881167}.
FunctionProbable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS- LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) and avirulent pathogens (e.g. P.syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 avrRps4 and pv. maculicola, turnip crinkle virus (TCV), and H.arabidopsidis isolates CALA2, EMOY2, EMWA1 and HIND4). Together with EDS1, confers a basal resistance by restricting the growth of virulent pathogens (e.g. H.arabidopsidis isolates NOCO2 and EMCO5, E.orontii isolate MGH, and P.syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 or expressing HopW1-1 (HopPmaA)). Necessary for the salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response that involves expression of multiple defense responses, including synthesis of the phytoalexin camalexin and expression of pathogenesis-related genes (e.g. PR1, ALD1, BGL2 and PR5) in response to pathogens, triggering a signal amplification loop that increases SA levels via EDS5 and SID2, but, together with EDS1, seems to repress the ethylene/jasmonic acid (ET/JA) defense pathway. May also function in response to abiotic stresses such as UV-C light and LSD1-dependent acclimatization to light conditions that promote excess excitation energy (EEE), probably by transducing redox signals and modulating stomatal conductance. Regulates the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma in hypocotyls in response to hypoxia, maybe via hydrogen peroxide production. Modulates leaf senescence in insect-infested tissue and triggers a phloem-based defense mechanism including antibiosis (e.g. green peach aphid (GPA), M.persicae) to limit phloem sap uptake and insect growth, thus providing an EDS1-independent basal resistance to insects. Also involved in regulation of root meristematic zone- targeted growth arrest together with EDS1 and in a VICTR-dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10796016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11041879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11595797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11826312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11846877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14617091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15347794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15447647, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15773856, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16353557, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16813576, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17431038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17725549, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18005228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18055613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18266921, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20367470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22072959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22353573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23400705, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8725243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136026, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9634589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9881167}.
InductionBy benzothiadiazole (BTH), at site of green peach aphid feeding (GPA, M.persicae) via TPS11-dependent trehalose accumulation, and H.arabidopsidis. Induced by P.syringae in a NPR1-independent manner, and by salicylic acid (SA) in a NPR1- dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21426427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22990443}.
InteractionQ9SU72:T17F15.40; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1390441, EBI-1390454;
SimilarityBelongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationNucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Can move to the cytoplasm when in complex with EDS1.
SubunitPart of a nuclear complex made of EDS1, SG101 and PAD4 that can be redirected to the cytoplasm in the presence of an extranuclear form of EDS1. Sabilized by direct interaction with EDS1 in infected leaves. Part of a nuclear protein complex made of VICTR, PAD4 and EDS1 (PubMed:23275581). Interacts with VICTR (PubMed:23275581). Interacts with EDS1 (PubMed:24331460). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22072959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24331460}.