Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)

LMPD ID
LMP001118
Gene ID
3931
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
Gene Symbol
LCAT
Synonyms
-
Alternate Names
phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase; phospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase
Chromosome
16
Map Location
16q22.1
EC Number
2.3.1.43
Summary
This gene encodes the extracellular cholesterol esterifying enzyme, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. The esterification of cholesterol is required for cholesterol transport. Mutations in this gene have been found to cause fish-eye disease as well as LCAT deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Orthologs
View orthologs and multiple alignments for LCAT

Proteins

phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase precursor
Refseq ID NP_000220
Protein GI 4557892
UniProt ID P04180
mRNA ID NM_000229
Length 440
RefSeq Status REVIEWED
MGPPGSPWQWVTLLLGLLLPPAAPFWLLNVLFPPHTTPKAELSNHTRPVILVPGCLGNQLEAKLDKPDVVNWMCYRKTEDFFTIWLDLNMFLPLGVDCWIDNTRVVYNRSSGLVSNAPGVQIRVPGFGKTYSVEYLDSSKLAGYLHTLVQNLVNNGYVRDETVRAAPYDWRLEPGQQEEYYRKLAGLVEEMHAAYGKPVFLIGHSLGCLHLLYFLLRQPQAWKDRFIDGFISLGAPWGGSIKPMLVLASGDNQGIPIMSSIKLKEEQRITTTSPWMFPSRMAWPEDHVFISTPSFNYTGRDFQRFFADLHFEEGWYMWLQSRDLLAGLPAPGVEVYCLYGVGLPTPRTYIYDHGFPYTDPVGVLYEDGDDTVATRSTELCGLWQGRQPQPVHLLPLHGIQHLNMVFSNLTLEHINAILLGAYRQGPPASPTASPEPPPPE
sig_peptide: 1..24 inference: COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0 calculated_mol_wt: 2512 peptide sequence: MGPPGSPWQWVTLLLGLLLPPAAP mat_peptide: 25..440 product: phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase calculated_mol_wt: 47084 peptide sequence: FWLLNVLFPPHTTPKAELSNHTRPVILVPGCLGNQLEAKLDKPDVVNWMCYRKTEDFFTIWLDLNMFLPLGVDCWIDNTRVVYNRSSGLVSNAPGVQIRVPGFGKTYSVEYLDSSKLAGYLHTLVQNLVNNGYVRDETVRAAPYDWRLEPGQQEEYYRKLAGLVEEMHAAYGKPVFLIGHSLGCLHLLYFLLRQPQAWKDRFIDGFISLGAPWGGSIKPMLVLASGDNQGIPIMSSIKLKEEQRITTTSPWMFPSRMAWPEDHVFISTPSFNYTGRDFQRFFADLHFEEGWYMWLQSRDLLAGLPAPGVEVYCLYGVGLPTPRTYIYDHGFPYTDPVGVLYEDGDDTVATRSTELCGLWQGRQPQPVHLLPLHGIQHLNMVFSNLTLEHINAILLGAYRQGPPASPTASPEPPPPE

Gene Information

Entrez Gene ID
3931
Gene Name
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
Gene Symbol
LCAT
Species
Homo sapiens

Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)

GO ID Source Type Description
GO:0005576 TAS:Reactome C extracellular region
GO:0005615 IDA:BHF-UCL C extracellular space
GO:0070062 IDA:UniProtKB C extracellular vesicular exosome
GO:0034364 IDA:BHF-UCL C high-density lipoprotein particle
GO:0034186 IPI:BHF-UCL F apolipoprotein A-I binding
GO:0004607 NAS:UniProtKB F phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
GO:0034435 IDA:BHF-UCL P cholesterol esterification
GO:0042632 IDA:BHF-UCL P cholesterol homeostasis
GO:0008203 IDA:BHF-UCL P cholesterol metabolic process
GO:0030301 IDA:MGI P cholesterol transport
GO:0034375 IDA:UniProtKB P high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
GO:0042158 IEA:Ensembl P lipoprotein biosynthetic process
GO:0042157 TAS:Reactome P lipoprotein metabolic process
GO:0006656 IDA:BHF-UCL P phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
GO:0006644 IDA:BHF-UCL P phospholipid metabolic process
GO:0090107 IEA:Ensembl P regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly
GO:0043691 IDA:BHF-UCL P reverse cholesterol transport
GO:0044281 TAS:Reactome P small molecule metabolic process
GO:0034372 IDA:BHF-UCL P very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

KEGG Pathway Links

KEGG Pathway ID Description
hsa00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism

REACTOME Pathway Links

REACTOME Pathway ID Description
REACT_13621 HDL-mediated lipid transport
REACT_6823 Lipoprotein metabolism

Domain Information

InterPro Annotations

Accession Description
IPR029058 Alpha/Beta hydrolase fold
IPR003386 Lecithin:cholesterol/phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
Protein Entry
LCAT_HUMAN
UniProt ID
P04180
Species
Human

Comments

Comment Type Description
Biophysicochemical Properties Kinetic parameters: KM=0.97 mM for LDL ; KM=0.4 mM for HDL(2) ; KM=0.10 mM for HDL(3) ; Vmax=8.3 mmol/min/mg enzyme with LDL as substrate ; Vmax=0.58 mmol/min/mg enzyme with HDL(2) as substrate ; Vmax=2.0 mmol/min/mg enzyme with HDL(3) as substrate ; Note=Affinity for LDL is 2.3 to 4-fold lower than for HDL. Relative reactivities are 16% for HDL(3), 1.3% for HDL(2) and 6.5% for LDL.;
Catalytic Activity Phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = 1- acylglycerophosphocholine + a sterol ester. {ECO
Disease Fish-eye disease (FED) [MIM
Disease Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCATD) [MIM
Enzyme Regulation APOA1 is the most potent activator in plasma. Also activated by APOE, APOC1 and APOA4.
Function Central enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs). The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver. Has a preference for plasma 16:0-18:2 or 18:O-18:2 phosphatidylcholines. Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) APOE- and APOA1 levels. Together with APOE and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, plays a key role in the maturation of glial-derived, nascent lipoproteins. Required for remodeling high-density lipoprotein particles into their spherical forms.
Miscellaneous Levels of LCAT activity correlates inversely with leptin levels as well as with obesity for a wide range of BMI values.
Ptm O- and N-glycosylated. O-glycosylation on Thr-431 and Ser-433 consists of sialylated galactose beta 1-->3N-acetylgalactosamine structures. N-glycosylated sites contain sialylated triantennary and/or biantennary complex structures.
Similarity Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Subcellular Location Secreted . Note=Secreted into blood plasma. Produced in astrocytes and secreted into cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
Tissue Specificity Expressed mainly in brain, liver and testes. Secreted into plasma and cerebral spinal fluid. Expressed in Hep- G2 cell line. {ECO
Web Resource Name=Wikipedia; Note=Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin-cholesterol_acyltransferase";

Identical and Related Proteins

Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP001118 (as displayed in Record Overview)

Protein GI Database Accession Length Protein Name
4557892 RefSeq NP_000220 440 phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase precursor

Identical Sequences to LMP001118 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:4557892 GenBank EAW83190.1 440 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase [Homo sapiens]
GI:4557892 GenBank ABN27774.1 440 Sequence 1 from patent US 7157619
GI:4557892 GenBank ADA08777.1 440 Sequence 1 from patent US 7601890
GI:4557892 GenBank AGM78122.1 440 Sequence 1 from patent US 8426358
GI:4557892 RefSeq XP_008962816.1 440 PREDICTED: phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase [Pan paniscus]
GI:4557892 RefSeq XP_009429354.1 440 PREDICTED: phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase isoform X1 [Pan troglodytes]

Related Sequences to LMP001118 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:4557892 GenBank AAP88749.1 441 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, partial [synthetic construct]
GI:4557892 GenBank AAX43502.1 441 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, partial [synthetic construct]
GI:4557892 GenBank AAX43503.1 441 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, partial [synthetic construct]
GI:4557892 GenBank ACM84076.1 443 Sequence 9574 from patent US 6812339
GI:4557892 RefSeq XP_007992092.1 440 PREDICTED: phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase [Chlorocebus sabaeus]
GI:4557892 RefSeq XP_010353366.1 440 PREDICTED: phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase [Rhinopithecus roxellana]