Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)
LMPD ID
LMP001188
Gene ID
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name
prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)
Gene Symbol
Synonyms
L-PGDS; LPGDS; PDS; PGD2; PGDS; PGDS2
Alternate Names
prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; cerebrin-28; PGD2 synthase; beta-trace protein; prostaglandin D synthase; prostaglandin-D2 synthase; glutathione-independent PGD synthase; glutathione-independent PGD synthetase; lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase; lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase
Chromosome
9
Map Location
9q34.2-q34.3
EC Number
5.3.99.2
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to postaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Orthologs
Proteins
| prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase precursor | |
|---|---|
| Refseq ID | NP_000945 |
| Protein GI | 32171249 |
| UniProt ID | P41222 |
| mRNA ID | NM_000954 |
| Length | 190 |
| RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
| MATHHTLWMGLALLGVLGDLQAAPEAQVSVQPNFQQDKFLGRWFSAGLASNSSWLREKKAALSMCKSVVAPATDGGLNLTSTFLRKNQCETRTMLLQPAGSLGSYSYRSPHWGSTYSVSVVETDYDQYALLYSQGSKGPGEDFRMATLYSRTQTPRAELKEKFTAFCKAQGFTEDTIVFLPQTDKCMTEQ | |
| sig_peptide: 1..22 inference: COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0 calculated_mol_wt: 2349 peptide sequence: MATHHTLWMGLALLGVLGDLQA | |
Gene Information
Entrez Gene ID
Gene Name
prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)
Gene Symbol
Species
Homo sapiens
Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)
| GO ID | Source | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005794 | ISS:UniProtKB | C | Golgi apparatus |
| GO:0005789 | TAS:Reactome | C | endoplasmic reticulum membrane |
| GO:0005576 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | extracellular region |
| GO:0005615 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | extracellular space |
| GO:0070062 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | extracellular vesicular exosome |
| GO:0005634 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | C | nucleus |
| GO:0005791 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| GO:0005504 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | fatty acid binding |
| GO:0004667 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | prostaglandin-D synthase activity |
| GO:0005501 | ISS:UniProtKB | F | retinoid binding |
| GO:0005215 | ISS:UniProtKB | F | transporter activity |
| GO:0019369 | TAS:Reactome | P | arachidonic acid metabolic process |
| GO:0019371 | TAS:Reactome | P | cyclooxygenase pathway |
| GO:0001516 | IDA:UniProtKB | P | prostaglandin biosynthetic process |
| GO:0045187 | ISS:UniProtKB | P | regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep |
| GO:0051384 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to glucocorticoid |
| GO:0044281 | TAS:Reactome | P | small molecule metabolic process |
| GO:0006810 | ISS:UniProtKB | P | transport |
KEGG Pathway Links
| KEGG Pathway ID | Description |
|---|---|
| hsa00590 | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
REACTOME Pathway Links
| REACTOME Pathway ID | Description |
|---|---|
| REACT_150149 | Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX) |
Domain Information
UniProt Annotations
Entry Information
Gene Name
prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)
Protein Entry
PTGDS_HUMAN
UniProt ID
Species
Human
Comments
| Comment Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalytic Activity | (5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha-epidioxy-15- hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy- 11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate. |
| Developmental Stage | Expression in the amniotic fluid increases dramatically during weeks 12 to 25 of pregnancy. Levels decrease slowly after 25 weeks. |
| Domain | Forms a beta-barrel structure that accommodates hydrophobic ligands in its interior. |
| Function | Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system. {ECO |
| Induction | By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and thyroid hormone. Probably induced by dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), progesterone, retinoic acid and retinal. Repressed by the Notch- Hes signaling pathway. |
| Miscellaneous | It has been proposed that the urinary and serum levels may provide a sensitive indicator of renal damage in diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Elevated levels in the coronary circulation may also be associated with angina. Changes in charge and molecular weight microheterogeneity, due to modification of the N-linked oligosaccharides, may be associated with neurodegenerative disease and multiple sclerosis. Detected in meningioma but not in other brain tumors and may be considered a specific cell marker for meningioma. Expression levels in amniotic fluid are altered in abnormal pregnancies. Levels are lower in pregnancies with trisomic fetuses and fetuses with renal abnormalities. |
| Ptm | N- and O-glycosylated. Both N-glycosylation recognition sites are almost quantitatively occupied by N-glycans of the biantennary complex type, with a considerable proportion of structures bearing a bisecting GlcNAc. N-glycan at Asn-78: dHex1Hex5HexNAc4. Agalacto structure as well as sialylated and nonsialylated oligosaccharides bearing alpha2-3- and/or alpha2-6-linked NeuNAc are present. {ECO |
| Similarity | Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. |
| Subcellular Location | Rough endoplasmic reticulum . Nucleus membrane . Golgi apparatus . Cytoplasm, perinuclear region . Secreted . Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum of arachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmic structures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and to circular cytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells. In oligodendrocytes, localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, localized to distinct cytoplasmic domains including the perinuclear region. Also secreted. |
| Subunit | Monomer. {ECO |
| Tissue Specificity | Abundant in the brain and CNS, where it is expressed in tissues of the blood-brain barrier and secreted into the cerebro-spinal fluid. Abundantly expressed in the heart. In the male reproductive system, it is expressed in the testis, epididymis and prostate, and is secreted into the seminal fluid. Expressed in the eye and secreted into the aqueous humor. Lower levels detected in various tissue fluids such as serum, normal urine, ascitic fluid and tear fluid. Also found in a number of other organs including ovary, fimbriae of the fallopian tubes, kidney, leukocytes. {ECO |
| Web Resource | Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgds/"; |
Identical and Related Proteins
Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP001188 (as displayed in Record Overview)
| Protein GI | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32171249 | RefSeq | NP_000945 | 190 | prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase precursor |
Identical Sequences to LMP001188 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | ADR97051.1 | 190 | Sequence 561 from patent US 7749695 |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AED45344.1 | 190 | Sequence 852 from patent US 7892730 |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AEJ66628.1 | 190 | Sequence 36 from patent US 7968293 |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AEN52375.1 | 190 | Sequence 2 from patent US 8003765 |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AFK97728.1 | 190 | Sequence 79 from patent US 8158600 |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AIC54985.1 | 190 | PTGDS, partial [synthetic construct] |
Related Sequences to LMP001188 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AAV38723.1 | 191 | prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain), partial [synthetic construct] |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AAX29535.1 | 191 | prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa, partial [synthetic construct] |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AAX43094.1 | 191 | prostaglandin D2 synthase, partial [synthetic construct] |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | AAX43095.1 | 191 | prostaglandin D2 synthase, partial [synthetic construct] |
| GI:32171249 | GenBank | ACM83526.1 | 215 | Sequence 9024 from patent US 6812339 |
| GI:32171249 | PDB | 4ORS | 190 | Chain A, Threedimensional Structure Of The C65a Mutant Of Human Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D Synthase Apo-form |