Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)
LMPD ID
LMP001975
Gene ID
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name
phospholipase A2, group III
Gene Symbol
Synonyms
GIII-SPLA2; SPLA2III; sPLA2-III
Alternate Names
group 3 secretory phospholipase A2; group III secreted phospholipase A2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 3; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIII
Chromosome
22
Map Location
22q12.2
EC Number
3.1.1.4
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the secreted phospholipase A2 family, whose members include the bee venom enzyme. The encoded enzyme functions in lipid metabolism and catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids to release arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. This enzyme acts as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, and may play a role in cancer development by stimulating tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. This gene is associated with oxidative stress, and polymorphisms in this gene are linked to risk for Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Orthologs
Proteins
| group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor | |
|---|---|
| Refseq ID | NP_056530 |
| Protein GI | 142976884 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NZ20 |
| mRNA ID | NM_015715 |
| Length | 509 |
| RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
| MGVQAGLFGMLGFLGVALGGSPALRWYRTSCHLTKAVPGNPLGYLSFLAKDAQGLALIHARWDAHRRLQSCSWEDEPELTAAYGALCAHETAWGSFIHTPGPELQRALATLQSQWEACRALEESPAGARKKRAAGQSGVPGGGHQREKRGWTMPGTLWCGVGDSAGNSSELGVFQGPDLCCREHDRCPQNISPLQYNYGIRNYRFHTISHCDCDTRFQQCLQNQHDSISDIVGVAFFNVLEIPCFVLEEQEACVAWYWWGGCRMYGTVPLARLQPRTFYNASWSSRATSPTPSSRSPAPPKPRQKQHLRKGPPHQKGSKRPSKANTTALQDPMVSPRLDVAPTGLQGPQGGLKPQGARWVCRSFRRHLDQCEHQIGPREIEFQLLNSAQEPLFHCNCTRRLARFLRLHSPPEVTNMLWELLGTTCFKLAPPLDCVEGKNCSRDPRAIRVSARHLRRLQQRRHQLQDKGTDERQPWPSEPLRGPMSFYNQCLQLTQAARRPDRQQKSWSQ | |
| sig_peptide: 1..19 inference: non-experimental evidence, no additional details recorded note: Potential; propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q9NZ20.2) calculated_mol_wt: 1838 peptide sequence: MGVQAGLFGMLGFLGVALG mat_peptide: 20..509 product: Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 experiment: experimental evidence, no additional details recorded note: propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q9NZ20.2) calculated_mol_wt: 55347 peptide sequence: GSPALRWYRTSCHLTKAVPGNPLGYLSFLAKDAQGLALIHARWDAHRRLQSCSWEDEPELTAAYGALCAHETAWGSFIHTPGPELQRALATLQSQWEACRALEESPAGARKKRAAGQSGVPGGGHQREKRGWTMPGTLWCGVGDSAGNSSELGVFQGPDLCCREHDRCPQNISPLQYNYGIRNYRFHTISHCDCDTRFQQCLQNQHDSISDIVGVAFFNVLEIPCFVLEEQEACVAWYWWGGCRMYGTVPLARLQPRTFYNASWSSRATSPTPSSRSPAPPKPRQKQHLRKGPPHQKGSKRPSKANTTALQDPMVSPRLDVAPTGLQGPQGGLKPQGARWVCRSFRRHLDQCEHQIGPREIEFQLLNSAQEPLFHCNCTRRLARFLRLHSPPEVTNMLWELLGTTCFKLAPPLDCVEGKNCSRDPRAIRVSARHLRRLQQRRHQLQDKGTDERQPWPSEPLRGPMSFYNQCLQLTQAARRPDRQQKSWSQ | |
Gene Information
Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)
| GO ID | Source | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005814 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | centriole |
| GO:0005576 | TAS:Reactome | C | extracellular region |
| GO:0005615 | TAS:ProtInc | C | extracellular space |
| GO:0042629 | IEA:Ensembl | C | mast cell granule |
| GO:0005886 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | C | plasma membrane |
| GO:0005509 | IEA:InterPro | F | calcium ion binding |
| GO:0047498 | TAS:ProtInc | F | calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity |
| GO:0001675 | IEA:Ensembl | P | acrosome assembly |
| GO:0060271 | IMP:UniProtKB | P | cilium morphogenesis |
| GO:0046474 | TAS:Reactome | P | glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process |
| GO:0016042 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | P | lipid catabolic process |
| GO:0019372 | IEA:Ensembl | P | lipoxygenase pathway |
| GO:0043303 | IEA:Ensembl | P | mast cell degranulation |
| GO:0036151 | TAS:Reactome | P | phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling |
| GO:0036152 | TAS:Reactome | P | phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling |
| GO:0036148 | TAS:Reactome | P | phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling |
| GO:0006644 | TAS:Reactome | P | phospholipid metabolic process |
| GO:0044281 | TAS:Reactome | P | small molecule metabolic process |
| GO:0007288 | IEA:Ensembl | P | sperm axoneme assembly |
KEGG Pathway Links
Domain Information
UniProt Annotations
Entry Information
Comments
| Comment Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalytic Activity | Phosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = 1- acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. {ECO |
| Cofactor | Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI |
| Enzyme Regulation | Arachidonic acid release is markedly increased by glypican, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan. |
| Function | PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Shows an 11-fold preference for phosphatidylglycerol over phosphatidylcholine (PC). Preferential cleavage: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) > 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC > 1- palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC > 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PE. Plays a role in ciliogenesis. {ECO |
| Induction | By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNF in microvascular endothelial cells (at protein level). |
| Ptm | In several cell types, the N- and C-termini are cleaved off. |
| Ptm | N-glycosylation does not affect the catalytic activity, but is required for proper secretion. A nonglycosylated form was observed in several cell types. |
| Sequence Caution | Sequence=AAD15617.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence= ; |
| Similarity | Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. |
| Subcellular Location | Secreted. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole. |
| Tissue Specificity | Expressed in kidney, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Also present in placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes. Not detected in brain, colon, thymus, spleen and small intestine. In lung, expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, but scarcely detected in alveolar epithelium, arterial walls and interstitial fibroblasts (at protein level). In joints of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, expressed in endothelial cells (at protein level). In normal heart, detected in some vessels. In myocardial tissues with acute infarction, expressed in vascular endothelial cells adjacent to cardiomyocytes and those in lesions with granulation. Expression in cardiomyocytes is scarce (at protein level). In uterus, breast and colon cancers, detected in tumor cells and neighboring microvascular endothelium, but not in normal glandular tissues (at protein level). |
Identical and Related Proteins
Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP001975 (as displayed in Record Overview)
| Protein GI | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 142976884 | RefSeq | NP_056530 | 509 | group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor |
Identical Sequences to LMP001975 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | AEU43324.1 | 509 | Sequence 73 from patent US 8052970 |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | AGF22443.1 | 509 | Sequence 9 from patent US 8372594 |
| GI:142976884 | SwissProt | Q9NZ20.2 | 509 | RecName: Full=Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2; AltName: Full=Group III secretory phospholipase A2; Short=GIII sPLA2; Short=sPLA2-III; AltName: Full=Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 3; Flags: Precursor [Homo sapiens] |
Related Sequences to LMP001975 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | AAF44746.1 | 509 | group III secreted phospholipase A2 [Homo sapiens] |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | AAY08339.1 | 509 | Sequence 2 from patent US 6875599 |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | EAW59941.1 | 509 | phospholipase A2, group III [Homo sapiens] |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | ABM83758.1 | 509 | phospholipase A2, group III [synthetic construct] |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | ABM87077.1 | 509 | phospholipase A2, group III, partial [synthetic construct] |
| GI:142976884 | GenBank | AEU43278.1 | 509 | Sequence 27 from patent US 8052970 |