Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)
LMPD ID
LMP009902
Gene ID
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis)
Gene Name
beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1
Gene Symbol
Synonyms
B1; BCH1; BETA CAROTENOID HYDROXYLASE 1; beta-hydroxylase 1; BETA-OHASE 1; chy1
Alternate Names
beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1
Chromosome
4
EC Number
1.14.13.129
Summary
Converts beta-carotene to zeaxanthin via cryptoxanthin.
Orthologs
Proteins
| beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 | |
|---|---|
| Refseq ID | NP_194300 |
| Protein GI | 15235959 |
| UniProt ID | Q9SZZ8 |
| mRNA ID | NM_118702 |
| Length | 310 |
| RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
| MAAGLSTAVTFKPLHRSFSSSSTDFRLRLPKSLSGFSPSLRFKRFSVCYVVEERRQNSPIENDERPESTSSTNAIDAEYLALRLAEKLERKKSERSTYLIAAMLSSFGITSMAVMAVYYRFSWQMEGGEISMLEMFGTFALSVGAAVGMEFWARWAHRALWHASLWNMHESHHKPREGPFELNDVFAIVNAGPAIGLLSYGFFNKGLVPGLCFGAGLGITVFGIAYMFVHDGLVHKRFPVGPIADVPYLRKVAAAHQLHHTDKFNGVPYGLFLGPKELEEVGGNEELDKEISRRIKSYKKASGSGSSSSS | |
| beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 | |
|---|---|
| Refseq ID | NP_001031715 |
| Protein GI | 79325259 |
| UniProt ID | Q9SZZ8 |
| mRNA ID | NM_001036638 |
| Length | 224 |
| RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
| MAAGLSTAVTFKPLHRSFSSSSTDFRLRLPKSLSGFSPSLRFKRFSVCYVVEERRQNSPIENDERPESTSSTNAIDAEYLALRLAEKLERKKSERSTYLIAAMLSSFGITSMAVMAVYYRFSWQMEGGEISMLEMFGTFALSVGAAVGMEFWARWAHRALWHASLWNMHESHHKPREGPFELNDVFAIVNAGPAIGLLSYGFFNKGLVPGLCFGAVSPSFIWSY | |
Gene Information
Entrez Gene ID
Gene Name
beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1
Gene Symbol
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana
Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)
| GO ID | Source | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009507 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | C | chloroplast |
| GO:0016021 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | C | integral component of membrane |
| GO:0010291 | IGI:TAIR | F | carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity |
| GO:0016787 | IEA:UniProtKB-KW | F | hydrolase activity |
| GO:0005506 | IEA:InterPro | F | iron ion binding |
| GO:0016119 | IGI:TAIR | P | carotene metabolic process |
| GO:0006633 | IEA:InterPro | P | fatty acid biosynthetic process |
| GO:0016123 | IGI:TAIR | P | xanthophyll biosynthetic process |
KEGG Pathway Links
| KEGG Pathway ID | Description |
|---|---|
| ath_M00372 | Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid |
| ath01110 | Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites |
| ath00906 | Carotenoid biosynthesis |
| ath01100 | Metabolic pathways |
Domain Information
InterPro Annotations
| Accession | Description |
|---|---|
| IPR006694 | Fatty_acid_hydroxylase |
UniProt Annotations
Entry Information
Gene Name
beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1
Protein Entry
BCH1_ARATH
UniProt ID
Species
Arabidopsis
Comments
| Comment Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Alternative Products | Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; Name=1; IsoId=Q9SZZ8-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; IsoId=Q9SZZ8-2; Sequence=VSP_041793, VSP_041794; Note=Derived from EST data. No experimental confirmation available.; |
| Catalytic Activity | Beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 O(2) = zeaxanthin + 2 NAD(+) + 2 H(2)O. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8798688}. |
| Disruption Phenotype | No visible phenotype when grown under normal light conditions; due to redundancy with BCH2. Bch1 and bch2 double mutant has no visible phenotype but lower levels of beta, beta-xanthophylls and increased beta-carotene and lutein. Cyp97c1, bch1 and bch2 triple mutant is paler and smaller than wild-type. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12782726, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16890225}. |
| Domain | The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in iron binding. |
| Domain | The N-terminal part of the mature protein (70-129) is probably involved in the formation of a functional homodimer. |
| Function | Nonheme diiron monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene. Has also a low activity toward the beta- and epsilon-rings of alpha-carotene. No activity with acyclic carotenoids such as lycopene and neurosporene. Uses ferredoxin as an electron donor (Probable). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12782726, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16890225, ECO:0000305|PubMed:19147649, ECO:0000305|PubMed:8798688}. |
| Miscellaneous | A protein lacking the first 69 amino acids has a normal in vitro activity, while a protein lacking 129 N-terminal amino acids produces predominantly the monohydroxy intermediate beta-cryptoxanthin. |
| Similarity | Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. {ECO:0000305}. |
| Subcellular Location | Plastid, chloroplast membrane {ECO:0000305}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. |
| Subunit | Homodimer. {ECO:0000305}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Expressed in leaves, flowers, stems, roots and siliques. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11587509}. |
Identical and Related Proteins
Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP009902 (as displayed in Record Overview)
| Protein GI | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15235959 | RefSeq | NP_194300 | 310 | beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 |
| 79325259 | RefSeq | NP_001031715 | 224 | beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 |
Identical Sequences to LMP009902 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAF85797.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAF85798.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAK44035.1 | 310 | putative beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAM44971.1 | 310 | putative beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AEE85098.1 | 310 | beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:79325259 | GenBank | AEE85099.1 | 224 | beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | SwissProt | Q9SZZ8.1 | 310 | RecName: Full=Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1, chloroplastic; Short=AtB1; Flags: Precursor [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
Related Sequences to LMP009902 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:79325259 | EMBL | CAB43701.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:79325259 | EMBL | CAB81380.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAC49443.1 | 294 | beta-carotene hydroxylase, partial [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:79325259 | GenBank | AAF85797.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:79325259 | GenBank | AAF85798.1 | 310 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAP63866.1 | 310 | Sequence 10 from patent US 6551807 |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAP63868.1 | 310 | Sequence 13 from patent US 6551807 |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | AAR75801.1 | 294 | Sequence 4 from patent US 6642021 |
| GI:15235959 | GenBank | EFH43856.1 | 305 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata] |
| GI:79325259 | GenBank | AEE85098.1 | 310 | beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana] |
| GI:15235959 | RefSeq | XP_002867597.1 | 305 | beta-carotene hydroxylase [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata] |
| GI:79325259 | SwissProt | Q9SZZ8.1 | 310 | RecName: Full=Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1, chloroplastic; Short=AtB1; Flags: Precursor [Arabidopsis thaliana] |