Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)
LMPD ID
LMP001558
Gene ID
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Gene Symbol
Synonyms
CIMT1; GLM1; NR1C3; PPARG1; PPARG2; PPARgamma
Chromosome
3
Map Location
3p25
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Orthologs
Proteins
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 | |
---|---|
Refseq ID | NP_005028 |
Protein GI | 116284368 |
UniProt ID | P37231 |
mRNA ID | NM_005037 |
Length | 477 |
RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
MTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSFDIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKTQLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 | |
---|---|
Refseq ID | NP_619725 |
Protein GI | 116284373 |
UniProt ID | P37231 |
mRNA ID | NM_138711 |
Length | 477 |
RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
Protein sequence is identical to GI:116284368 (mRNA isoform) |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 | |
---|---|
Refseq ID | NP_619726 |
Protein GI | 116284370 |
UniProt ID | P37231 |
mRNA ID | NM_138712 |
Length | 477 |
RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
Protein sequence is identical to GI:116284368 (mRNA isoform) |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 | |
---|---|
Refseq ID | NP_056953 |
Protein GI | 20336229 |
UniProt ID | P37231 |
mRNA ID | NM_015869 |
Length | 505 |
RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
MGETLGDSPIDPESDSFTDTLSANISQEMTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSFDIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKTQLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY |
Gene Information
Entrez Gene ID
Gene Name
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Gene Symbol
Species
Homo sapiens
Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)
GO ID | Source | Type | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005829 | ISS:BHF-UCL | C | cytosol |
GO:0005654 | TAS:Reactome | C | nucleoplasm |
GO:0005634 | IDA:BHF-UCL | C | nucleus |
GO:0003677 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | DNA binding |
GO:0001012 | IEA:Ensembl | F | RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding |
GO:0001228 | IEA:Ensembl | F | RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription |
GO:0033613 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | activating transcription factor binding |
GO:0050544 | ISS:BHF-UCL | F | arachidonic acid binding |
GO:0003682 | ISS:UniProtKB | F | chromatin binding |
GO:0008144 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | drug binding |
GO:0019899 | IPI:UniProtKB | F | enzyme binding |
GO:0004879 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity |
GO:0030374 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity |
GO:0004955 | TAS:BHF-UCL | F | prostaglandin receptor activity |
GO:0046965 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | retinoid X receptor binding |
GO:0043565 | IEA:InterPro | F | sequence-specific DNA binding |
GO:0003700 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity |
GO:0003707 | IEA:InterPro | F | steroid hormone receptor activity |
GO:0044212 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | transcription regulatory region DNA binding |
GO:0008270 | IEA:InterPro | F | zinc ion binding |
GO:0007186 | TAS:GOC | P | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway |
GO:0006919 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process |
GO:0050873 | IEA:Ensembl | P | brown fat cell differentiation |
GO:0045165 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | cell fate commitment |
GO:0048469 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | cell maturation |
GO:0032869 | IMP:BHF-UCL | P | cellular response to insulin stimulus |
GO:0071285 | IEA:Ensembl | P | cellular response to lithium ion |
GO:0030855 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | epithelial cell differentiation |
GO:0019395 | IEA:Ensembl | P | fatty acid oxidation |
GO:0010467 | TAS:Reactome | P | gene expression |
GO:0042593 | IMP:BHF-UCL | P | glucose homeostasis |
GO:0007507 | IEA:Ensembl | P | heart development |
GO:0045087 | TAS:BHF-UCL | P | innate immune response |
GO:0055088 | TAS:BHF-UCL | P | lipid homeostasis |
GO:0006629 | TAS:ProtInc | P | lipid metabolic process |
GO:0042953 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | lipoprotein transport |
GO:0015909 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | long-chain fatty acid transport |
GO:0045713 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process |
GO:0030224 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | monocyte differentiation |
GO:0002674 | IEA:Ensembl | P | negative regulation of acute inflammatory response |
GO:0030308 | IEA:Ensembl | P | negative regulation of cell growth |
GO:0010887 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of cholesterol storage |
GO:0060336 | IMP:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway |
GO:0010745 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation |
GO:0010871 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process |
GO:0010891 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride |
GO:0048662 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation |
GO:0051974 | IEA:Ensembl | P | negative regulation of telomerase activity |
GO:0000122 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter |
GO:0045892 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated |
GO:0031100 | IEA:Ensembl | P | organ regeneration |
GO:0035357 | IMP:BHF-UCL | P | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway |
GO:0001890 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | placenta development |
GO:0045600 | ISS:HGNC | P | positive regulation of fat cell differentiation |
GO:0046321 | IEA:Ensembl | P | positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation |
GO:0048714 | IEA:Ensembl | P | positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation |
GO:0051091 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity |
GO:0045944 | IDA:UniProtKB | P | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter |
GO:0045893 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated |
GO:0008217 | IMP:BHF-UCL | P | regulation of blood pressure |
GO:0060694 | IC:BHF-UCL | P | regulation of cholesterol transporter activity |
GO:0060850 | ISS:UniProtKB | P | regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment |
GO:0031000 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to caffeine |
GO:0009409 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to cold |
GO:0042493 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to drug |
GO:0043627 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to estrogen |
GO:0033993 | ISS:BHF-UCL | P | response to lipid |
GO:0055098 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | response to low-density lipoprotein particle |
GO:0007584 | TAS:ProtInc | P | response to nutrient |
GO:0032526 | IDA:UniProtKB | P | response to retinoic acid |
GO:0033189 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to vitamin A |
GO:0007165 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | signal transduction |
GO:0006367 | TAS:Reactome | P | transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter |
GO:0050872 | TAS:UniProtKB | P | white fat cell differentiation |
KEGG Pathway Links
KEGG Pathway ID | Description |
---|---|
hsa04152 | AMPK signaling pathway |
Domain Information
InterPro Annotations
Accession | Description |
---|---|
IPR008946 | Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding |
IPR000536 | Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding, core |
IPR003074 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
IPR022590 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, N-terminal |
IPR003077 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma |
IPR001723 | Steroid hormone receptor |
IPR013088 | Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type |
IPR001628 | Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type |
UniProt Annotations
Entry Information
Gene Name
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Protein Entry
PPARG_HUMAN
UniProt ID
Species
Human
Comments
Comment Type | Description |
---|---|
Alternative Products | Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; Comment=Additional isoforms seem to exist.; Name=2; IsoId=P37231-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=1; Synonyms=PPARgamma1(wt); IsoId=P37231-2; Sequence=VSP_003645; Name=3; Synonyms=PPARgamma1(tr); IsoId=P37231-3; Sequence=VSP_003645, VSP_043906, VSP_043907; Note=Exhibits dominant negative activity over isoform 1.; |
Disease | Glioma 1 (GLM1) [MIM |
Disease | Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 3 (FPLD3) [MIM |
Disease | Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin- resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. |
Disease | Obesity (OBESITY) [MIM |
Enzyme Regulation | PDPK1 activates its transcriptional activity independently of its kinase activity. |
Function | Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. {ECO |
Interaction | Q00535:CDK5; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-781416, EBI-1041567; P10909:CLU; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-781384, EBI-1104674; O60869:EDF1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-781384, EBI-781301; P42858:HTT; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-781384, EBI-466029; Q6STE5-1:SMARCD3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-781384, EBI-488506; Q6STE5-2:SMARCD3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-781384, EBI-488511; |
Polymorphism | Genetic variation in PPARG may influence body mass index (BMI) [MIM |
Polymorphism | Genetic variations in PPARG influence the carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) [MIM |
Ptm | O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-84 reduces transcriptional activity in adipocytes. |
Ptm | Phosphorylated in basal conditions and dephosphorylated when treated with the ligand. May be dephosphorylated by PPP5C. The phosphorylated form may be inactive and dephosphorylation at Ser- 112 induces adipogenic activity (By similarity). |
Sequence Caution | Sequence=AAN38992.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence= ; Sequence=BAA23354.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence= ; Sequence=BAF83270.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence= ; Sequence=CAA62153.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence= ; |
Similarity | Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. |
Similarity | Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain. |
Subcellular Location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner. CCRN4L/NOC enhances its nuclear translocation. |
Subunit | Interacts with FOXO1 (acetylated form) (By similarity). Heterodimer with other nuclear receptors, such as RXRA. The heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor RXRA is called adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with coactivator PPARBP, leading to a mild increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with NOCA7 in a ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with NCOA1 and NCOA2 LXXLL motifs. Interacts with ASXL1, ASXL2, DNTTIP2, FAM120B, MAP2K1/MEK1, NR0B2, PDPK1, PRDM16, PRMT2 and TGFB1I1. Interacts (when activated by agonist) with PPP5C. Interacts with HELZ2 and THRAP3; the interaction stimulates the transcriptional activity of PPARG. Interacts with PER2, the interaction is ligand dependent and blocks PPARG recruitment to target promoters. Interacts with CCRN4L/NOC. {ECO |
Tissue Specificity | Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary. |
Web Resource | Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/PPARGID383ch3p25.html"; |
Web Resource | Name=SHMPD; Note=The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database; URL="http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=PPARG"; |
Web Resource | Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/pparg/"; |
Web Resource | Name=Wikipedia; Note=Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor"; |
Identical and Related Proteins
Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP001558 (as displayed in Record Overview)
Protein GI | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
116284368 | RefSeq | NP_005028 | 477 | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 |
20336229 | RefSeq | NP_056953 | 505 | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 |
Identical Sequences to LMP001558 proteins
Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
GI:20336229 | DBBJ | BAG70300.1 | 505 | peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma isoform 2, partial [Homo sapiens] |
GI:116284368 | DBBJ | BAM71699.1 | 477 | peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma [Homo sapiens] |
GI:20336229 | EMBL | CBX54350.1 | 505 | unnamed protein product [Homo sapiens] |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | ADS73653.1 | 505 | Sequence 122 from patent US 7811794 |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | ADS73655.1 | 477 | Sequence 124 from patent US 7811794 |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | ADZ17377.1 | 477 | peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma variant 1 [Homo sapiens] |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | AGV85362.1 | 477 | Sequence 3 from patent US 8524455 |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | AHD74353.1 | 505 | Sequence 13719 from patent US 8586006 |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | AHE19855.1 | 505 | Sequence 15 from patent US 8574635 |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | AHE19863.1 | 505 | Sequence 38 from patent US 8574635 |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | AIC49442.1 | 477 | PPARG, partial [synthetic construct] |
GI:116284368 | RefSeq | XP_006713271.1 | 477 | PREDICTED: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [Homo sapiens] |
Related Sequences to LMP001558 proteins
Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
GI:116284368 | EMBL | CBX54350.1 | 505 | unnamed protein product [Homo sapiens] |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | AAB04028.1 | 505 | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 [Homo sapiens] |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | AAO66458.1 | 584 | CREB3L2-PPARgamma [Homo sapiens] |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | AAU95904.1 | 505 | Sequence 16 from patent US 6723506 |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | EAW64124.1 | 505 | peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, isoform CRA_b [Homo sapiens] |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | ABP29974.1 | 750 | Sequence 3 from patent US 7193075 |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | ACM84122.1 | 521 | Sequence 9620 from patent US 6812339 |
GI:20336229 | GenBank | ACM84123.1 | 521 | Sequence 9621 from patent US 6812339 |
GI:116284368 | GenBank | ADS73653.1 | 505 | Sequence 122 from patent US 7811794 |
GI:20336229 | RefSeq | NP_001028032.1 | 505 | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [Macaca mulatta] |
GI:20336229 | RefSeq | XP_003265037.1 | 505 | PREDICTED: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 [Nomascus leucogenys] |
GI:20336229 | RefSeq | XP_004033680.1 | 505 | PREDICTED: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 [Gorilla gorilla gorilla] |