Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)
LMPD ID
LMP002196
Gene ID
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name
paraoxonase 1
Gene Symbol
Synonyms
ESA; MVCD5; PON
Alternate Names
serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1; K-45; PON 1; esterase A; A-esterase 1; arylesterase 1; paraoxonase B-type; aromatic esterase 1; arylesterase B-type; serum aryldiakylphosphatase; serum aryldialkylphosphatase 1
Chromosome
7
Map Location
7q21.3
EC Number
3.1.1.2
Summary
The enzyme encoded by this gene is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon to produce p-nitrophenol. Paroxon is an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound that is produced in vivo by oxidation of the insecticide parathion. Polymorphisms in this gene are a risk factor in coronary artery disease. The gene is found in a cluster of three related paraoxonase genes at 7q21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
Orthologs
Proteins
| serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 precursor | |
|---|---|
| Refseq ID | NP_000437 |
| Protein GI | 19923106 |
| UniProt ID | P27169 |
| mRNA ID | NM_000446 |
| Length | 355 |
| RefSeq Status | REVIEWED |
| MAKLIALTLLGMGLALFRNHQSSYQTRLNALREVQPVELPNCNLVKGIETGSEDLEILPNGLAFISSGLKYPGIKSFNPNSPGKILLMDLNEEDPTVLELGITGSKFDVSSFNPHGISTFTDEDNAMYLLVVNHPDAKSTVELFKFQEEEKSLLHLKTIRHKLLPNLNDIVAVGPEHFYGTNDHYFLDPYLQSWEMYLGLAWSYVVYYSPSEVRVVAEGFDFANGINISPDGKYVYIAELLAHKIHVYEKHANWTLTPLKSLDFNTLVDNISVDPETGDLWVGCHPNGMKIFFYDSENPPASEVLRIQNILTEEPKVTQVYAENGTVLQGSTVASVYKGKLLIGTVFHKALYCEL | |
| sig_peptide: 1..15 inference: COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0 calculated_mol_wt: 1516 peptide sequence: MAKLIALTLLGMGLA mat_peptide: 2..355 product: serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 calculated_mol_wt: 39600 peptide sequence: AKLIALTLLGMGLALFRNHQSSYQTRLNALREVQPVELPNCNLVKGIETGSEDLEILPNGLAFISSGLKYPGIKSFNPNSPGKILLMDLNEEDPTVLELGITGSKFDVSSFNPHGISTFTDEDNAMYLLVVNHPDAKSTVELFKFQEEEKSLLHLKTIRHKLLPNLNDIVAVGPEHFYGTNDHYFLDPYLQSWEMYLGLAWSYVVYYSPSEVRVVAEGFDFANGINISPDGKYVYIAELLAHKIHVYEKHANWTLTPLKSLDFNTLVDNISVDPETGDLWVGCHPNGMKIFFYDSENPPASEVLRIQNILTEEPKVTQVYAENGTVLQGSTVASVYKGKLLIGTVFHKALYCEL | |
Gene Information
Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)
| GO ID | Source | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0072562 | IDA:UniProt | C | blood microparticle |
| GO:0005576 | NAS:UniProtKB | C | extracellular region |
| GO:0005615 | IDA:BHF-UCL | C | extracellular space |
| GO:0070062 | IDA:UniProtKB | C | extracellular vesicular exosome |
| GO:0034364 | IDA:BHF-UCL | C | high-density lipoprotein particle |
| GO:0043231 | IEA:Ensembl | C | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle |
| GO:0034366 | IDA:BHF-UCL | C | spherical high-density lipoprotein particle |
| GO:0004063 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | aryldialkylphosphatase activity |
| GO:0004064 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | arylesterase activity |
| GO:0005509 | IDA:UniProtKB | F | calcium ion binding |
| GO:0005543 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | phospholipid binding |
| GO:0042803 | IDA:BHF-UCL | F | protein homodimerization activity |
| GO:0019439 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | aromatic compound catabolic process |
| GO:0046395 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | carboxylic acid catabolic process |
| GO:0016311 | IDA:GOC | P | dephosphorylation |
| GO:0046434 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | organophosphate catabolic process |
| GO:0046470 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | phosphatidylcholine metabolic process |
| GO:0051099 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | positive regulation of binding |
| GO:0010875 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | positive regulation of cholesterol efflux |
| GO:0032411 | IDA:BHF-UCL | P | positive regulation of transporter activity |
| GO:0009605 | NAS:UniProtKB | P | response to external stimulus |
| GO:0009636 | IEA:Ensembl | P | response to toxic substance |
KEGG Pathway Links
| KEGG Pathway ID | Description |
|---|---|
| hsa01100 | Metabolic pathways |
Domain Information
UniProt Annotations
Entry Information
Comments
| Comment Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalytic Activity | A phenyl acetate + H(2)O = a phenol + acetate. |
| Catalytic Activity | An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H(2)O = an N- acyl-L-homoserine. |
| Catalytic Activity | An aryl dialkyl phosphate + H(2)O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol. |
| Cofactor | Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI |
| Disease | Microvascular complications of diabetes 5 (MVCD5) [MIM |
| Function | Hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Mediates an enzymatic protection of low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to atheroma formation. {ECO |
| Miscellaneous | The preferential association of PON1 with HDL is mediated in part by its signal peptide, by binding phospholipids directly, rather than binding apo AI. The retained signal peptide may allow transfer of the protein between phospholipid surfaces. |
| Polymorphism | The allelic form of the enzyme with Gln-192 (allozyme A) hydrolyzes paraoxon with a low turnover number and the one with Arg-192 (allozyme B) with a high turnover number. |
| Ptm | Glycosylated. {ECO |
| Ptm | Present in two forms, form B contains a disulfide bond, form A does not. |
| Ptm | The signal sequence is not cleaved. |
| Similarity | Belongs to the paraoxonase family. |
| Subcellular Location | Secreted, extracellular space. |
| Subunit | Homodimer. Heterooligomer with phosphate-binding protein (HPBP). Interacts with CLU. {ECO |
| Tissue Specificity | Plasma, associated with HDL (at protein level). Expressed in liver, but not in heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney or pancreas. |
| Web Resource | Name=SHMPD; Note=The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database; URL="http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=PON1"; |
| Web Resource | Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/pon1/"; |
Identical and Related Proteins
Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP002196 (as displayed in Record Overview)
| Protein GI | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19923106 | RefSeq | NP_000437 | 355 | serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 precursor |
Identical Sequences to LMP002196 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AFL25977.1 | 355 | Sequence 326 from patent US 8168586 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AFL25980.1 | 355 | Sequence 329 from patent US 8168586 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AGV82004.1 | 355 | Sequence 326 from patent US 8524238 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AGV82007.1 | 355 | Sequence 329 from patent US 8524238 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AHE01339.1 | 355 | Sequence 56255 from patent US 8586006 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AIC49439.1 | 355 | PON1, partial [synthetic construct] |
Related Sequences to LMP002196 proteins
| Reference | Database | Accession | Length | Protein Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AAB59538.1 | 355 | serum paraoxonase [Homo sapiens] |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AAB41835.1 | 355 | paraoxonase [Homo sapiens] |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AAB27714.2 | 355 | paraoxonase [Homo sapiens] |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | AAV98984.1 | 355 | Sequence 4 from patent US 6740746 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | ABT01728.1 | 355 | Sequence 4 from patent US 7211387 |
| GI:19923106 | GenBank | ADL98063.1 | 355 | Sequence 4 from patent US 7718773 |